Qt 6.8版本 自制windows下运行软件＜一＞——串口调试助手

自制串口调试助手 哔哩哔哩效果展示

一、 说明

本人在读学生，跟随哔哩哔哩网站北京迅为公司的教学视频，进行学习qt，由于视频中的实现过程是利用ui界面的实现，本人在学习过程中，通过完全敲代码的形式，实现同样的功能，并利用网络上其他资源，添加进行去自己所需要的功能。比如本串口调试助手中的编码格式的选择，是我自己加进去的，在此记录一下学习过程。望有缘人发现错误的时候，指点一下，我将更正，我也将十分感激。

二、 准备工具

windows下安装Qt6.8 的版本（当然其他版本也能实现，可能会有一些不兼容）

三、新建工程

完成以后，对工程内的ui部分进行删除

四、删除工程中的多余部分

删除完成以后如下所示：

用 ctrl+s，然后ctrl+r 如果弹出以下窗口，则新建成功

    this->setFixedSize(1200,750);this->setWindowTitle(QString::fromLocal8Bit("自制串口助手-Lihoujun"));

通过上面两行代码实现窗口大小的实现，以及名称的设置。效果如下：

五、 代码实现

我在写代码之前，把名字修改了一下。

mainwindow.cpp代码

#include "mainwindow.h"QByteArray SerialPortAssistant::utf8ToGbk(const QString &utf8Str)   // UTF-8 转 GBK
{QByteArray utf8Data = utf8Str.toUtf8();QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK");if (codec) {return codec->fromUnicode(utf8Str);}return QByteArray();
}QString SerialPortAssistant::gbkToUtf8(const QByteArray &gbkData)   // GBK 转 UTF-8
{QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK");if (codec) {QString utf16Str = codec->toUnicode(gbkData); // 转换为 QStringreturn utf16Str;}return QString();
}void SerialPortAssistant::ReceAreaInit(void)
{ReceArea = new QPlainTextEdit(this);ReceArea->setFixedSize(860,400);ReceArea->move(320,20);ReceArea->setReadOnly(true);QPushButton* ReceAreaClear = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("清除接收区"),this);ReceAreaClear->setFixedSize(150,30);ReceAreaClear->move(1030,450);connect(ReceAreaClear,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){ReceArea->clear();});}void SerialPortAssistant::SendAreaInit(void)
{SendArea = new QPlainTextEdit(this);SendArea->setFixedSize(860,100);SendArea->move(320,500);QPushButton* SendAreaClear = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("清除发送区"),this);SendAreaClear->setFixedSize(150,30);SendAreaClear->move(1030,630);connect(SendAreaClear,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){SendArea->clear();});
}void SerialPortAssistant::ParameterPositonConfig(void)
{this->COM = new QComboBox(this);this->bound = new QComboBox(this);this->databits = new QComboBox(this);this->stopbits = new QComboBox(this);this->paritybits = new QComboBox(this);this->ReceType = new QComboBox(this);this->SendType = new QComboBox(this);this->ReceCode = new QComboBox(this);this->SendCode = new QComboBox(this);this->NewLine = new QComboBox(this);this->bound->addItem("115200");this->bound->addItem("9600");this->bound->addItem("4800");this->databits->addItem("8");this->stopbits->addItem("1");this->paritybits->addItem("None");this->paritybits->addItem("1");this->paritybits->addItem("0");this->ReceType->addItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit("文本模式"));this->ReceType->addItem("hex");this->SendType->addItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit("文本模式"));this->SendType->addItem("hex");this->ReceCode->addItem("utf-8");this->ReceCode->addItem("gbk");this->SendCode->addItem("utf-8");this->SendCode->addItem("gbk");this->NewLine->addItem("yes");this->NewLine->addItem("no");QLabel* COMLabel = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("串口号:"),this);QLabel* boundLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("波特率:"),this);QLabel* stopbitsLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("停止位:"),this);QLabel* databitsLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("数据位:"),this);QLabel* paritybitsLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("校验位:"),this);QLabel* recetypeLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("接收格式:"),this);QLabel* sendtypeLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("发送格式:"),this);QLabel* ReceCodeLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("接收编码:"),this);QLabel* SendCodeLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("发送编码:"),this);QLabel* SendNewLineLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("发送新行:"),this);QLabel* pic1Lable = new QLabel(this);QLabel* pic2Lable = new QLabel(this);pic1Lable->setPixmap(QPixmap("E:/Qt/Serial/LHJ.png"));pic2Lable->setPixmap(QPixmap("E:/Qt/Serial/GLUT.jpg"));pic1Lable->setScaledContents(true);pic2Lable->setScaledContents(true);pic1Lable->resize(250,100);pic2Lable->resize(130,130);pic1Lable->move(520,620);pic2Lable->move(90,560);QVector<QComboBox*>setups;setups.push_back(COM);setups.push_back(bound);setups.push_back(databits);setups.push_back(stopbits);setups.push_back(paritybits);setups.push_back(ReceType);setups.push_back(SendType);setups.push_back(ReceCode);setups.push_back(SendCode);setups.push_back(NewLine);QVector<QLabel*>labels;labels.push_back(COMLabel);labels.push_back(boundLable);labels.push_back(databitsLable);labels.push_back(stopbitsLable);labels.push_back(paritybitsLable);labels.push_back(recetypeLable);labels.push_back(sendtypeLable);labels.push_back(ReceCodeLable);labels.push_back(SendCodeLable);labels.push_back(SendNewLineLable);for(int i=0;i<setups.size();i++){setups[i]->setFixedSize(200,30);setups[i]->move(100,20+i*50);labels[i]->move(30,20+i*50);}
}void SerialPortAssistant::ConnectSerial(void)
{QSerialPort::BaudRate Bound;QSerialPort::DataBits dataBits;QSerialPort::StopBits stopBits;QSerialPort::Parity parityBits;QString port = COM->currentText();QString baud = bound->currentText();QString data = databits->currentText();QString stop = stopbits->currentText();QString parity = paritybits->currentText();QString RxCode = ReceCode->currentText();QString TxCode = SendCode->currentText();if(baud == "115200") Bound = QSerialPort::Baud115200;else if(baud == "9600") Bound = QSerialPort::Baud9600;else if(baud == "4800") Bound = QSerialPort::Baud4800;if(data == "8") dataBits = QSerialPort::Data8;if(stop == "1") stopBits = QSerialPort::OneStop;if(parity == "None") parityBits = QSerialPort::NoParity;else if(parity == "0") parityBits = QSerialPort::EvenParity;else if(parity == "1") parityBits = QSerialPort::OddParity;SerialPort = new QSerialPort(this);SerialPort->setBaudRate(Bound);SerialPort->setDataBits(dataBits);SerialPort->setStopBits(stopBits);SerialPort->setParity(parityBits);SerialPort->setPortName(port);if(SerialPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite) == true){QMessageBox::information(this,"COM","串口打开成功");connect(SerialPort,&QSerialPort::readyRead,[&](){auto data = SerialPort->readAll();if(ReceType->currentText() == "hex"){QString Hex = data.toHex(' ');ReceArea->appendPlainText(Hex);}else{QString str;if (ReceCode->currentText() == "gbk"){str = gbkToUtf8(data); // 将 GBK 数据转换为 UTF-8}else{str = QString::fromUtf8(data); // 直接使用 UTF-8}ReceArea->appendPlainText(str);}});}else{QMessageBox::critical(this,"COM","串口打开失败");}
}void SerialPortAssistant::timerEvent(QTimerEvent* e)
{QVector<QString>temp;for(const QSerialPortInfo& info : QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()){temp.push_back(info.portName());}std::sort(temp.begin(),temp.end());if(temp != ports){this->COM->clear();this->ports = temp;for(auto& a:ports) this->COM->addItem(a);}updateTime(); // 每秒更新时间显示
}void SerialPortAssistant::TranslationControl(void)
{SendButton = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("发送"),this);OpenButton = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("打开串口"),this);CloseButton = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("关闭串口"),this);SendButton->setFixedSize(150,30);OpenButton->setFixedSize(100,30);CloseButton->setFixedSize(100,30);SendButton->move(860,630);OpenButton->move(30,520);CloseButton->move(180,520);CloseButton->setDisabled(true);SendButton->setDisabled(true);connect(SendButton,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){QString data = SendArea->toPlainText();//qDebug() << data;if(SendType->currentText() == "hex"){QByteArray Arr;for(int i=0;i<data.size();++i){if(data[i] == ' ') continue;int num = data.mid(i, 2).toUInt(nullptr,16);++i;Arr.append(num);}if(NewLine->currentText() == "yes"){Arr.append("\r\n");}SerialPort->write(Arr);}else{QByteArray sendData = data.toLocal8Bit();if (SendCode->currentText() == "gbk"){sendData = utf8ToGbk(data); // 将 UTF-8 数据转换为 GBK}else{sendData = data.toUtf8(); // 直接使用 UTF-8}if(NewLine->currentText() == "yes"){sendData.append("\r\n");}SerialPort->write(sendData);}});connect(CloseButton,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){SendButton->setDisabled(true);OpenButton->setDisabled(false);CloseButton->setDisabled(true);SerialPort->close();});connect(OpenButton,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){//打开串口，进行连接if(COM->currentText() != ""){OpenButton->setDisabled(true);SendButton->setDisabled(false);CloseButton->setDisabled(false);ConnectSerial();}else{QMessageBox::critical(this,"COM","串口打开失败");}});
}void SerialPortAssistant::updateTime(void)
{QDateTime currentTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();QString timeStr = currentTime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");timeLabel->setText(timeStr);
}void SerialPortAssistant::GetSysTime(void)
{timeLabel = new QLabel(this);timeLabel->setFixedSize(300, 30);timeLabel->move(100, 700);updateTime(); // 初始化显示当前时间
}SerialPortAssistant::SerialPortAssistant(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent)
{this->setFixedSize(1200,750);this->setWindowTitle(QString::fromLocal8Bit("自制串口助手-Lihoujun"));ReceAreaInit();SendAreaInit();ParameterPositonConfig();TranslationControl();GetSysTime();this->startTimer(1000);  //1s的定时器
}SerialPortAssistant::~SerialPortAssistant()
{}

mainwindow.h代码

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QPlainTextEdit>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QComboBox>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QSerialPortInfo>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QDateTime>
#include <QTimer>
//编码格式转换所需头文件
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QString>
#include <QByteArray>
#include <QTextCodec>class SerialPortAssistant:public QMainWindow{Q_OBJECT
public:SerialPortAssistant(QWidget *parent = nullptr);~SerialPortAssistant();void ReceAreaInit(void);void SendAreaInit(void);void ParameterPositonConfig(void);void TranslationControl(void);void ConnectSerial(void);void timerEvent(QTimerEvent* e);void GetSysTime(void);void updateTime(void);QByteArray utf8ToGbk(const QString &utf8Str);QString gbkToUtf8(const QByteArray &gbkData);
private:QPlainTextEdit* SendArea;QPlainTextEdit* ReceArea;QPushButton* SendButton;QPushButton* OpenButton;  //打开串口QPushButton* CloseButton; //关闭串口//QPushButton* SendAreaClear;//QPushButton* ReceAreaClear;QComboBox* COM;QComboBox* bound;QComboBox* databits;QComboBox* stopbits;QComboBox* paritybits;QComboBox* SendType;QComboBox* ReceType;QComboBox* ReceCode;  //接收编码QComboBox* SendCode;  //发送编码QComboBox* NewLine;  //发送编码QSerialPort* SerialPort;QVector<QString>ports;QLabel* CurrentTimeLabel;QLabel *timeLabel; // 用于显示当前时间的标签
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

六、 效果展示

自制串口调试助手 哔哩哔哩效果展示