STM32 HAL库之USART示例代码

串口发送和接收以及回调函数都可在这个文件中查询：stm32f1xx_hal_uart.h

串口配置初始化代码main.c中：MX_USART1_UART_Init();，初始化 UART 高层参数（波特率、数据位、停止位、校验、模式等）

void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */huart1.Instance = USART1;huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */
}

初始化 底层硬件资源

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef *uartHandle)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if (uartHandle->Instance == USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USART1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USART1 DMA Init *//* USART1_RX Init */hdma_usart1_rx.Instance = DMA1_Channel5;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Direction = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_MEDIUM;if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_rx) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}__HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle, hdmarx, hdma_usart1_rx);/* USART1_TX Init */hdma_usart1_tx.Instance = DMA1_Channel4;hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_MEDIUM;if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_tx) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}__HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle, hdmatx, hdma_usart1_tx);/* USART1 interrupt Init */HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 5, 0);HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */}
}

轮询方式

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "LED.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */// extern uint8_t data_Rx[100];/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 *//* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */// HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));// HAL_UARTEx_ReceiveToIdle_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));//HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));HAL_UARTEx_ReceiveToIdle_DMA(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

usart.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    usart.c* @brief   This file provides code for the configuration*          of the USART instances.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "usart.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint8_t USART_RxBuffer[10];
/* USER CODE END 0 */UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USART1 init function */void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */huart1.Instance = USART1;huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */}void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USART1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */}
}void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
void USART_PollingReceive(void)
{HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, USART_RxBuffer, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);USART_SendData(USART_RxBuffer);
}void USART_SendData(uint8_t *data)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, data, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
}
/* USER CODE END 1 */

中断

main.c
// HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));
// HAL_UARTEx_ReceiveToIdle_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));usart.h
extern uint8_t data_Rx[50];usart.c
uint8_t data_Rx[50];
// 中断传输
//  void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
//  {
//      if (huart->Instance == USART1)
//      {
//          HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));
//          HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));
//      }
//  }// 中断不限字长接收
//  void HAL_UARTEx_RxEventCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint16_t Size)
//  {
//      if (huart->Instance == USART1)
//      {
//          if (strstr((char *)data_Rx, "LED1") != NULL)
//          {
//              LED_Toggle();
//          }
//          HAL_UARTEx_ReceiveToIdle_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));
//          HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));
//      }
// }

DMA

main.c
//HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));
HAL_UARTEx_ReceiveToIdle_DMA(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));usart.h
extern uint8_t data_Rx[50];usart.c
uint8_t data_Rx[50];
// DMA定长传输
// void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
// {
//     if (huart->Instance == USART1)
//     {
//         // if (strstr((char *)data_Rx, "LED1") != NULL)
//         // {
//         //     LED_Toggle();
//         // }
//         HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));
//         HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));
//     }
// }// DMA不定长传输
void HAL_UARTEx_RxEventCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint16_t Size)
{if (huart->Instance == USART1){uint16_t safe_len = (Size < sizeof(data_Rx) - 1) ? Size : (sizeof(data_Rx) - 1);data_Rx[safe_len] = '\0';if (strstr((char *)data_Rx, "LED1") != NULL){LED_Toggle();}HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));HAL_UARTEx_ReceiveToIdle_DMA(&huart1, data_Rx, sizeof(data_Rx));}
}