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Ubuntu K8s

news 来源：原创 2025/6/20 11:23:21

https://serious-lose.notion.site/Ubuntu-K8s-d8d6a978ad784c1baa2fc8c531fbce68?pvs=74

2 核 2G Ubuntu 20.4 IP 172.24.53.10

	kubeadm	kubelet	kubectl
版本	1.23.0	1.23.0	1.23.0

kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl 是 Kubernetes 生态系统中的三个重要组件

kubeadm：

主要用于 Kubernetes 集群的安装与管理。它提供了一种简单而快速的方法来创建一个 Kubernetes 集群，包括初始化控制平面节点、添加工作节点，以及管理集群的生命周期。
通过 kubeadm init 命令可以在主节点上初始化一个新的集群，而通过 kubeadm join 可以将工作节点加入到已有的集群中。

kubelet：

是 Kubernetes 中的核心组件之一，负责在每个工作节点上管理 Pods 的生命周期。
它负责从 API 服务器获取 Pod 的配置，并确保它们在节点上运行。具体来说，kubelet 会监控容器的状态，并确保它们按照期望的状态运行。
kubelet 也负责执行健康检查，报告节点和容器的状态。

kubectl：

是 Kubernetes 的命令行工具，允许用户与 Kubernetes 集群进行交互。
用户可以使用 kubectl 来部署应用、管理集群资源、排查故障等。例如，kubectl get pods 可以列出当前运行的 Pods，kubectl apply -f <file> 可以根据配置文件创建或更新资源。

Kubernetes（K8s）支持多种容器运行时（Container Runtime），这些运行时负责管理容器的生命周期，包括拉取镜像、创建、运行和停止容器。

以下是一些常见的 Kubernetes 容器运行时：

1. Docker

描述：Docker 是最常用的容器运行时，它通过提供一个简单的方法来打包、分发和运行应用程序，以便在不同环境中保持一致的行为。
状态：虽然 Docker 仍然被广泛使用，但自 Kubernetes 1.20 版本起，Kubernetes 将不再直接支持 Docker 作为容器运行时。Docker 通过其底层的容器运行时（如 containerd）被 Kubernetes 支持。

2. containerd

描述：containerd 是一个高性能的容器运行时，负责管理容器生命周期的基本功能。它是 Docker 中的一个组件，后来被单独发展，以便可以独立使用。
特点：它支持 OCI（Open Container Initiative）标准，因此与 Kubernetes 兼容性好。

3. CRI-O

描述：CRI-O 是一个轻量级的容器运行时，专门为 Kubernetes 的 CRI（Container Runtime Interface）设计。它允许 Kubernetes 使用任何支持 OCI 标准的容器镜像，并提供与 K8s 的良好集成。
特点：CRIo 旨在提供一个简化的环境，消除不必要的组件，从而优化 Kubernetes 的性能。

4. Podman

描述：Podman 是一个无守护进程的容器工具，允许用户以非特权模式运行容器。它与 Docker 的 CLI 接口相似，因此容易上手。
特点：Podman 支持管理 pods 以及单个容器，并具有与 Kubernetes 的集成能力，但它不是 Kubernetes 默认支持的运行时。

5. rkt

描述：rkt（发音为 "rocket"）是 CoreOS 开发的容器运行时，旨在提供更强的安全性和灵活性。尽管 rkt 曾与 Kubernetes 集成，但自 Kubernetes 1.20 版本起，主要得益于 containerd 和 CRI-O 的流行支持。
状态：rkt 在社区中的使用有所减少。

修改主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname master

关闭swap

// 临时关闭
swapoff -a
//  永久关闭

关闭防火墙

ufw disable

查看防火墙状态

ufw status

Status: inactive

设置网桥参数

cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl

// 最新版本
sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectlor// 指定版本
sudo apt  install -y kubelet=1.23.0-00 kubeadm=1.23.0-00 kubectl=1.23.0-00

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:kubeadm kubectl kubelet
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 85 not upgraded.
Need to get 37.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 216 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 <https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt> kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 kubelet amd64 1.23.0-00 [19.5 MB]
Get:2 <https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt> kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 kubectl amd64 1.23.0-00 [8,932 kB]
Get:3 <https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt> kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 kubeadm amd64 1.23.0-00 [8,588 kB]
Fetched 37.0 MB in 2s (17.8 MB/s)    
Selecting previously unselected package kubelet.
(Reading database ... 133517 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../kubelet_1.23.0-00_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubelet (1.23.0-00) ...
Selecting previously unselected package kubectl.
Preparing to unpack .../kubectl_1.23.0-00_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubectl (1.23.0-00) ...
Selecting previously unselected package kubeadm.
Preparing to unpack .../kubeadm_1.23.0-00_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubeadm (1.23.0-00) ...
Setting up kubectl (1.23.0-00) ...
Setting up kubelet (1.23.0-00) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service → /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
Setting up kubeadm (1.23.0-00) ...

锁定版本

sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

预检查，确保您的环境适合 Kubernetes 集群的运行。

sudo kubeadm init phase preflight

I1210 22:20:42.740114  277592 version.go:255] remote version is much newer: v1.31.3; falling back to: stable-1.23
W1210 22:20:52.741562  277592 version.go:103] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "<https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.23.txt>": Get "<https://cdn.dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.23.txt>": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
W1210 22:20:52.741591  277592 version.go:104] falling back to the local client version: v1.23.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 27.3.1. Latest validated version: 20.10
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:[ERROR Port-6443]: Port 6443 is in use  // 端口号被占用[ERROR Port-10259]: Port 10259 is in use // 端口号被占用[ERROR Port-10257]: Port 10257 is in use // 端口号被占用[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-apiserver.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml already exists // 文件已存在[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-controller-manager.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml already exists // 文件已存在[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-scheduler.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml already exists // 文件已存在[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-manifests-etcd.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml already exists // 文件已存在[ERROR Port-10250]: Port 10250 is in use // 端口号被占用[ERROR Port-2379]: Port 2379 is in use // 端口号被占用[ERROR Port-2380]: Port 2380 is in use // 端口号被占用[ERROR DirAvailable--var-lib-etcd]: /var/lib/etcd is not empty
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher

kubeadm init 注意 apiserver-advertise-address 改为自己 IP， kubernetes-version 版本改为自己版本

sudo kubeadm init \\
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.24.53.10 \\
--apiserver-bind-port=6443 \\
--image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \\
--kubernetes-version=v1.23.0 \\
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \\
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--ignore-preflight-errors=all

[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 27.3.1. Latest validated version: 20.10
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.24.53.10]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz localhost] and IPs [172.24.53.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz localhost] and IPs [172.24.53.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 10.012070 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.23" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
NOTE: The "kubelet-config-1.23" naming of the kubelet ConfigMap is deprecated. Once the UnversionedKubeletConfigMap feature gate graduates to Beta the default name will become just "kubelet-config". Kubeadm upgrade will handle this transition transparently.
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: j1fth4.uofits58xvvkcfmm
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxyYour Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configAlternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.confYou should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:<https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/>Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:kubeadm join 172.24.53.10:6443 --token j1fth4.uofits58xvvkcfmm \\--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a2cf513f8205220c3a912467550cf607ac281716b7c0109a96db203898fe58f8

复制配置文件到 .kube 下

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Kubernetes 集群中所有命名空间（namespaces）下的 Pods

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

NAMESPACE     NAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-hrfqc                           0/1     Pending   0          24h
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-xkvwn                           0/1     Pending   0          24h
kube-system   etcd-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz                      1/1     Running   1          24h
kube-system   kube-apiserver-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz            1/1     Running   1          24h
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz   1/1     Running   1          24h
kube-system   kube-proxy-666qb                                  1/1     Running   0          24h
kube-system   kube-scheduler-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz            1/1     Running   1          24h

Kubernetes 集群中的所有节点（nodes）

kubectl get nodes

NAME                      STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz   NotReady   control-plane,master   24h   v1.23.0

安装calico

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

NAMESPACE     NAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-6d768559b-dpcmf           1/1     Running   0             85s
kube-system   calico-node-w8vlc                                 1/1     Running   0             85s
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-hrfqc                           1/1     Running   0             25h
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-xkvwn                           1/1     Running   0             25h
kube-system   etcd-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz                      1/1     Running   1             25h
kube-system   kube-apiserver-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz            1/1     Running   1             25h
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz   1/1     Running   2 (43s ago)   25h
kube-system   kube-proxy-666qb                                  1/1     Running   0             25h
kube-system   kube-scheduler-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz            1/1     Running   2 (42s ago)   25h

重新安装 kubelet

卸载 kubelet kubeadm kubectl

sudo apt-get remove --purge kubelet kubeadm kubectl

停止kubelet服务

sudo systemctl stop kubelet

重置kubeadm

sudo kubeadm reset

[reset] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[reset] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
W1209 23:08:52.957867  100146 reset.go:101] [reset] Unable to fetch the kubeadm-config ConfigMap from cluster: failed to get config map: configmaps "kubeadm-config" not found
[reset] WARNING: Changes made to this host by 'kubeadm init' or 'kubeadm join' will be reverted.
[reset] Are you sure you want to proceed? [y/N]: y
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
W1209 23:08:56.665154  100146 removeetcdmember.go:80] [reset] No kubeadm config, using etcd pod spec to get data directory
[reset] Stopping the kubelet service
[reset] Unmounting mounted directories in "/var/lib/kubelet"
[reset] Deleting contents of config directories: [/etc/kubernetes/manifests /etc/kubernetes/pki]
[reset] Deleting files: [/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf]
[reset] Deleting contents of stateful directories: [/var/lib/etcd /var/lib/kubelet /var/lib/dockershim /var/run/kubernetes /var/lib/cni]The reset process does not clean CNI configuration. To do so, you must remove /etc/cni/net.dThe reset process does not reset or clean up iptables rules or IPVS tables.
If you wish to reset iptables, you must do so manually by using the "iptables" command.If your cluster was setup to utilize IPVS, run ipvsadm --clear (or similar)
to reset your system's IPVS tables.The reset process does not clean your kubeconfig files and you must remove them manually.
Please, check the contents of the $HOME/.kube/config file.

删除/var/lib/kubelet目录下的数据：kubeadm reset命令虽然会删除很多数据，但是/var/lib/kubelet目录下的数据并不会被删除,为了完全恢复到初始状态，需要手动删除这个目录下的数据。

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/kubelet

删除 ~/.kube

sudo rm -rf ~/.kube

master初始化

sudo kubeadm init \\
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.24.53.10 \\
--apiserver-bind-port=6443 \\
--image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \\
--kubernetes-version=v1.23.0 \\
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \\
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--ignore-preflight-errors=all

[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 27.3.1. Latest validated version: 20.10
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.24.53.10]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz localhost] and IPs [172.24.53.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz localhost] and IPs [172.24.53.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 10.012070 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.23" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
NOTE: The "kubelet-config-1.23" naming of the kubelet ConfigMap is deprecated. Once the UnversionedKubeletConfigMap feature gate graduates to Beta the default name will become just "kubelet-config". Kubeadm upgrade will handle this transition transparently.
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: j1fth4.uofits58xvvkcfmm
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxyYour Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configAlternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.confYou should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:<https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/>Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:kubeadm join 172.24.53.10:6443 --token j1fth4.uofits58xvvkcfmm \\--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a2cf513f8205220c3a912467550cf607ac281716b7c0109a96db203898fe58f8

ERROR

[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 27.3.1. Latest validated version: 20.10
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.24.53.10]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz localhost] and IPs [172.24.53.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz localhost] and IPs [172.24.53.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.Unfortunately, an error has occurred:timed out waiting for the conditionThis error is likely caused by:- The kubelet is not running- The kubelet is unhealthy due to a misconfiguration of the node in some way (required cgroups disabled)If you are on a systemd-powered system, you can try to troubleshoot the error with the following commands:- 'systemctl status kubelet'- 'journalctl -xeu kubelet'Additionally, a control plane component may have crashed or exited when started by the container runtime.To troubleshoot, list all containers using your preferred container runtimes CLI.Here is one example how you may list all Kubernetes containers running in docker:- 'docker ps -a | grep kube | grep -v pause'Once you have found the failing container, you can inspect its logs with:- 'docker logs CONTAINERID'error execution phase wait-control-plane: couldn't initialize a Kubernetes cluster
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher

[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 27.3.1. Latest validated version: 20.10
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.24.53.10]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz localhost] and IPs [172.24.53.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz localhost] and IPs [172.24.53.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL <http://localhost:10248/healthz>' failed with error: Get "<http://localhost:10248/healthz>": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.Unfortunately, an error has occurred:timed out waiting for the conditionThis error is likely caused by:- The kubelet is not running- The kubelet is unhealthy due to a misconfiguration of the node in some way (required cgroups disabled)If you are on a systemd-powered system, you can try to troubleshoot the error with the following commands:- 'systemctl status kubelet'- 'journalctl -xeu kubelet'Additionally, a control plane component may have crashed or exited when started by the container runtime.To troubleshoot, list all containers using your preferred container runtimes CLI.Here is one example how you may list all Kubernetes containers running in docker:- 'docker ps -a | grep kube | grep -v pause'Once you have found the failing container, you can inspect its logs with:- 'docker logs CONTAINERID'error execution phase wait-control-plane: couldn't initialize a Kubernetes cluster
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher

查看详细日志

journalctl -xeu kubelet or init  命令后增加 --v=5 再次执行，查看详细日志

ERROR

“Failed to run kubelet” err=“failed to run Kubelet: misconfiguration: kubelet cgroup driver: “systemd” is different from docker cgroup driver: “cgroupfs”

kubelet 的 cgroup 驱动默认是systemd 修改docker配置文件

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

增加 "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"] 配置 native.cgroupdriver=systemd 为 systemd

{"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

重新加载服务配置文件和重启 docker 服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker

查看docker配置是否修改成功

docker info

Client: Docker Engine - CommunityVersion:    27.3.1Context:    defaultDebug Mode: falsePlugins:buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)Version:  v0.17.1Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildxcompose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)Version:  v2.29.7Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-composeServer:Containers: 13Running: 10Paused: 0Stopped: 3Images: 44Server Version: 27.3.1Storage Driver: overlay2Backing Filesystem: extfsSupports d_type: trueUsing metacopy: falseNative Overlay Diff: trueuserxattr: falseLogging Driver: json-fileCgroup Driver: systemdCgroup Version: 1Plugins:Volume: localNetwork: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlayLog: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local splunk syslogSwarm: inactiveRuntimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runcDefault Runtime: runcInit Binary: docker-initcontainerd version: 57f17b0a6295a39009d861b89e3b3b87b005ca27runc version: v1.1.14-0-g2c9f560init version: de40ad0Security Options:apparmorseccompProfile: builtinKernel Version: 5.4.0-182-genericOperating System: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTSOSType: linuxArchitecture: x86_64CPUs: 2Total Memory: 1.846GiBName: iZuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqZID: b3e06c55-1127-4727-b716-ace762d5ba1bDocker Root Dir: /var/lib/dockerDebug Mode: falseExperimental: trueInsecure Registries:106.15.127.43172.24.53.10harbor.net.com127.0.0.0/8Registry Mirrors:<https://lbccmm6e.mirror.aliyuncs.com/><https://docker.registry.cyou/><https://docker-cf.registry.cyou/><https://dockercf.jsdelivr.fyi/><https://docker.jsdelivr.fyi/><https://dockertest.jsdelivr.fyi/><https://mirror.aliyuncs.com/><https://dockerproxy.com/><https://mirror.baidubce.com/><https://docker.m.daocloud.io/><https://docker.nju.edu.cn/><https://docker.mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/><https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/><https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn/><https://docker.rainbond.cc/>Live Restore Enabled: false

停止Kubernetes

sudo systemctl stop kubelet

重置和清理由 kubeadm 创建的集群状态

sudo kubeadm reset 是 Kubernetes 中的一个命令，用于重置和清理由 kubeadm 创建的集群状态。这个命令非常有用，尤其是在需要删除现有的 Kubernetes 集群或重新初始化集群时。以下是该命令的详细解释：

功能和作用

清除集群状态：
- kubeadm reset 会删除集群中的所有 Kubernetes 配置和状态信息，包括所有通过 kubeadm 安装的组件（如 API server、controller manager、scheduler 等）。
恢复到初始状态：
- 该命令的执行将 Kubernetes 节点恢复到未初始化状态，允许用户重新开始集群的安装或升级过程。
删除 Kubelet 和 CNI 组件：
- Kubelet 的配置文件及其他由 kubeadm 提供的组件（如网络插件）都将被删除。这意味着如果您在节点上安装了网络附加组件（如 Flannel、Calico 等），这些组件也会被移除。
清除 iptables 和网络设置：
- 该命令会清理所有与 Kubernetes 相关的iptables规则，确保从头开始没有多余的网络干扰。

使用场景

重新初始化集群：在测试或开发环境中，您可能需要频繁重置集群以尝试不同的设置或配置。
修复问题：当集群出现无法修复的故障或问题时，可能需要重置集群并重新开始设置。
拆除多余的配置：如果您尝试过多个配置和参数并想开始一个干净的环境，该命令将帮助您实现这一点。

注意事项

数据丢失：使用 kubeadm reset 将删除 Kubernetes 相关的信息和设置，这可能导致丢失所有的 Pod、ReplicaSet、Deployments、Services 等。
持久存储：虽然 kubeadm reset 删除的是集群状态和配置，但如果存储卷是以持久化的方式挂载的，它们可能需要手动清理。
依赖于 Kubelet：在执行此命令之前，请确保 Kubelet 是正在运行的状态。如果 Kubelet 停止工作，可能会导致重置失败。

sudo kubeadm reset

[reset] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[reset] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
W1209 23:08:52.957867  100146 reset.go:101] [reset] Unable to fetch the kubeadm-config ConfigMap from cluster: failed to get config map: configmaps "kubeadm-config" not found
[reset] WARNING: Changes made to this host by 'kubeadm init' or 'kubeadm join' will be reverted.
[reset] Are you sure you want to proceed? [y/N]: y
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
W1209 23:08:56.665154  100146 removeetcdmember.go:80] [reset] No kubeadm config, using etcd pod spec to get data directory
[reset] Stopping the kubelet service
[reset] Unmounting mounted directories in "/var/lib/kubelet"
[reset] Deleting contents of config directories: [/etc/kubernetes/manifests /etc/kubernetes/pki]
[reset] Deleting files: [/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf]
[reset] Deleting contents of stateful directories: [/var/lib/etcd /var/lib/kubelet /var/lib/dockershim /var/run/kubernetes /var/lib/cni]The reset process does not clean CNI configuration. To do so, you must remove /etc/cni/net.dThe reset process does not reset or clean up iptables rules or IPVS tables.
If you wish to reset iptables, you must do so manually by using the "iptables" command.If your cluster was setup to utilize IPVS, run ipvsadm --clear (or similar)
to reset your system's IPVS tables.The reset process does not clean your kubeconfig files and you must remove them manually.
Please, check the contents of the $HOME/.kube/config file.

重新init

sudo kubeadm init \\
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.24.53.10 \\
--apiserver-bind-port=6443 \\
--image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \\
--kubernetes-version=v1.23.0 \\
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \\
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--ignore-preflight-errors=all \\
--v=5

确认/etc/systemd/system/ 下是否存在 kubelet.service 文件

复制文件到kubelet.service /etc/systemd/system/，注意 /root/kubelet.service 这个是之前备份的路径，或者新建也行 kubelet.service

cp /root/kubelet.service /etc/systemd/system/

vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service

[Unit]
Description=kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Documentation=http://kubernetes.io/docs/[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet
#ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/kubelet-pre-start.sh
Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

安装 kubectl dashboard

下载配置文件并修改名称

wget <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.4.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml>
mv recommended.yaml dashboard.yaml

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: kubernetes-dashboard---apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:ports:- port: 443targetPort: 8443nodePort: 30001  // 增加selector:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardtype: NodePort // 增加
---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-certsnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-csrfnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:csrf: ""---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holdernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque---kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-settingsnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["secrets"]resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["configmaps"]resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]verbs: ["get", "update"]# Allow Dashboard to get metrics.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["services"]resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]verbs: ["proxy"]- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["services/proxy"]resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]verbs: ["get"]---kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:# Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]resources: ["pods", "nodes"]verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: Rolename: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:replicas: 1revisionHistoryLimit: 10selector:matchLabels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardtemplate:metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardspec:containers:- name: kubernetes-dashboardimage: swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0imagePullPolicy: Alwaysports:- containerPort: 8443protocol: TCPargs:- --auto-generate-certificates- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:portvolumeMounts:- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certsmountPath: /certs# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs- mountPath: /tmpname: tmp-volumelivenessProbe:httpGet:scheme: HTTPSpath: /port: 8443initialDelaySeconds: 30timeoutSeconds: 30securityContext:allowPrivilegeEscalation: falsereadOnlyRootFilesystem: truerunAsUser: 1001runAsGroup: 2001volumes:- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certssecret:secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs- name: tmp-volumeemptyDir: {}serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboardnodeSelector:"kubernetes.io/os": linux# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on mastertolerations:- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/mastereffect: NoSchedule---kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapername: dashboard-metrics-scrapernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:ports:- port: 8000targetPort: 8000selector:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper---kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapername: dashboard-metrics-scrapernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:replicas: 1revisionHistoryLimit: 10selector:matchLabels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapertemplate:metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraperspec:securityContext:seccompProfile:type: RuntimeDefaultcontainers:- name: dashboard-metrics-scraperimage: swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8ports:- containerPort: 8000protocol: TCPlivenessProbe:httpGet:scheme: HTTPpath: /port: 8000initialDelaySeconds: 30timeoutSeconds: 30volumeMounts:- mountPath: /tmpname: tmp-volumesecurityContext:allowPrivilegeEscalation: falsereadOnlyRootFilesystem: truerunAsUser: 1001runAsGroup: 2001serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboardnodeSelector:"kubernetes.io/os": linux# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on mastertolerations:- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/mastereffect: NoSchedulevolumes:- name: tmp-volumeemptyDir: {}

检查镜像

grep "image:" dashboard.yaml

          image: swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0image: swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8

配置为国内镜像

sed -i 's#kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.4.0#swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0#' dashboard.yaml
sed -i 's#kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7#swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8#' dashboard.yaml

部署dashboard

kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml

namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

检查服务状态

kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard

NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-5b6f6c8f45-wp9dq   1/1     Running   0          13m
kubernetes-dashboard-6c685b564c-gqrf2        1/1     Running   0          13m

网址为

<https://106.15.127.43:30001/#/login>

获取 token

# 创建用户
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system

serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created


# 用户授权
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin created

# 获取用户Token
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

Name:         dashboard-admin-token-m2hps
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-adminkubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 3802d503-3f30-439b-82c8-1a875e115f6cType:  kubernetes.io/service-account-tokenData
====
ca.crt:     1099 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ind4R0daN0Rla3lFSEdzaWRMS3JpRl9vRWpkT1lieGtXeDVrbS1FdkhyYVkifQ.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.MB85CeNXsLW1vNH_mKwSFxFcl57RzRc9Ou9CoqrTEVSNC42B4O0qLPdzx6_WD5KLR3jWSB3ynmSgkMHV1uzuve7CeHDK6UeoyR4v4o0Sldk8PGGVaHykacVzKg14kX0qoBHHSXBLJZp8s_-dzzIBNeexUEZiIjoUVKgOJUjp2k-_LGzH4GN8d6oKfo5M37XsDZ5cFQvfedGRNAho-GQkVCssVXt1SJlDwCdefhlmJa_D-awLlE3khrYimt_1CmFIibBoSfHI2Q55CgNveAagCvBM0c6HvmtZDHwdRfT96XwTyN1hJDZwVGFHq3uv-QtLhEAPia1CMWxOvvBQQZQUA

部署应用测试部署一个nginx应用，并以 NodePort 形式暴露此nginx。创建一个 nginx-deploy.yaml 文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: nginx-deployname: nginx-deploy
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: nginx-deploytemplate:metadata:labels:app: nginx-deployspec:containers:- image: registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/xiaohh-docker/nginx:1.25.4name: nginxports:- containerPort: 80---apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: nginx-deployname: nginx-svc
spec:ports:- port: 80protocol: TCPtargetPort: 80nodePort: 30080selector:app: nginx-deploytype: NodePort

部署

kubectl apply -f nginx-deploy.yaml

deployment.apps/nginx-deploy created
service/nginx-svc created

查看 pod

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

NAMESPACE     NAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS         AGE
default       nginx-deploy-69d69b77bb-gqm6s                     1/1     Running   0                10m // 成功
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-6d768559b-dpcmf           1/1     Running   3 (30m ago)      22h
kube-system   calico-node-w8vlc                                 1/1     Running   6 (15m ago)      22h
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-hrfqc                           1/1     Running   0                2d
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-xkvwn                           1/1     Running   0                2d
kube-system   etcd-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz                      1/1     Running   1                2d
kube-system   kube-apiserver-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz            1/1     Running   4 (30m ago)      2d
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz   1/1     Running   14 (8m47s ago)   2d
kube-system   kube-proxy-666qb                                  1/1     Running   0                2d
kube-system   kube-scheduler-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz            1/1     Running   16 (8m49s ago)   2d

删除 Deployment

kubectl delete deployment nginx-deploy --namespace=default

deployment.apps "nginx-deploy" deleted

删除 pod

kubectl delete pod nginx-deploy-69d69b77bb-gqm6s --namespace=default

pod "nginx-deploy-69d69b77bb-gqm6s" deleted

查看 pod

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

NAMESPACE     NAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS         AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-6d768559b-dpcmf           1/1     Running   3 (30m ago)      22h
kube-system   calico-node-w8vlc                                 1/1     Running   6 (15m ago)      22h
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-hrfqc                           1/1     Running   0                2d
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-xkvwn                           1/1     Running   0                2d
kube-system   etcd-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz                      1/1     Running   1                2d
kube-system   kube-apiserver-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz            1/1     Running   4 (30m ago)      2d
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz   1/1     Running   14 (8m47s ago)   2d
kube-system   kube-proxy-666qb                                  1/1     Running   0                2d
kube-system   kube-scheduler-izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz            1/1     Running   16 (8m49s ago)   2d

master

查看当前污点

kubectl describe node <master-node-name>

在输出中查找“Taints”部分，通常 master 节点上会有类似以下的污点：

node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule

移除污点

kubectl taint nodes <master-node-name> node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-

kubectl taint nodes izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-

node/izuf6dy59yl2x7ri2b5dmqz untainted

重启Kubernetes

sudo systemctl restart kubelet

Linux虚拟机搭建K8S环境_linux 部署k8环境-CSDN博客

在Ubuntu22.04 LTS上搭建Kubernetes集群-阿里云开发者社区

Ubuntu22安装K8S实战-CSDN博客

Ubuntu下Kubernetes(k8s)集群搭建_ubuntu安装kubernetes-CSDN博客

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/709347673?utm_campaign=shareopn&utm_medium=social&utm_psn=1849349834034769920&utm_source=wechat_session

https://y2k38.github.io/use-kubeadm-to-deploy-k8s-cluster/#部署k8s

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解决k8s kubeadm init初始化报 - The kubelet is not running - The kubelet is unhealthy due_kubernetes_Long long ago.-K8S/Kubernetes

kuberuntime_sandbox.go:70] “Failed to create sandbox for pod“ err=“rpc error_golang_喝醉酒的小白-K8S/Kubernetes

Ubuntu安装K8S(1.28版本，基于containrd） - 自学精灵

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pod sandbox rpc error 这个错误通常是由于 Kubernetes 网络配置出现问题导致_mob64ca12df277e的技术博客_51CTO博客

kubeasz/docs/guide/dashboard.md at master · easzlab/kubeasz · GitHub

重新安装 kubelet

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