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英语六级---2019.6 卷二仔细阅读2

news 来源：原创 2025/8/2 23:03:08

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Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.（51）

This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched（52）. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world（53).

Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.

And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.

That’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more(54). It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit—Vanguard 1—turned 60 in 2018.

Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.

题目

51. What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy?

A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.

B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.

C) To make the best use of satellites in space.

D) To improve traffic conditions in space.

52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?

A) Reduce debris in space.

B) Monitor satellite operations.

C) Regulate the launching of new satellites.

D) Update satellite communications technology.

53. What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy?

A) Set international standards for the space flight industry.

B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.

C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.

D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.

54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?

A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.

B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.

C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.

D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.

55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?

A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.

B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem.

C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.

D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.

词汇

monopolize

【动词】

👉 关键词：垄断、独占、占据

✅ 释义：

垄断、独占：
指一个人或组织控制了某种资源、市场、注意力或时间，使他人无法参与或分享。
霸占（话题、时间等）：
指在谈话或活动中，占用了大部分资源或主导地位。

✅ 例句：

One company monopolized the entire smartphone market.
（一家公司垄断了整个智能手机市场。）
Don’t monopolize the conversation—let others speak too.
（别一个人说个不停，也让别人说说。）
He tends to monopolize his teacher’s attention in class.
（他在课堂上总是占据老师的大部分注意力。）

✅ 常见搭配：

monopolize the market（垄断市场）
monopolize attention/time（占据注意力／时间）
attempt to monopolize（试图垄断）
illegally monopolize（非法垄断）

standard

【名词】

👉 关键词：标准、规范、水平

✅ 释义：

标准、准则（常用于行为、质量、成绩等）：
衡量某事好坏、合格与否的基准。
水平、质量：
指某人或某物达到的程度或层次。

✅ 例句：

The school has high academic standards.
（这所学校有很高的学术标准。）
Safety standards must be followed on the construction site.
（建筑工地必须遵守安全规范。）
Living standards have improved over the years.
（这些年来生活水平提高了。）

✅ 常见搭配：

high/low standards（高／低标准）
meet standards（符合标准）
set/raise standards（设定／提高标准）
moral/educational/professional standards（道德／教育／职业标准）

debris

【名词】

👉 关键词：碎片、残骸、废墟

✅ 释义：

碎片、残骸：
指在爆炸、破坏、自然灾害等之后留下的破碎物体。
垃圾、散落物：
泛指零散的无用物或堆积的废弃物。

✅ 例句：

The rescue team cleared the debris after the earthquake.
（救援队在地震后清理了残骸。）
Broken glass and other debris were scattered across the floor.
（碎玻璃和其他碎片散落在地板上。）
Space agencies are concerned about the amount of debris in orbit.
（各国航天机构都很关注太空轨道上的碎片问题。）

✅ 常见搭配：

clear/remove debris（清理残骸）
earthquake/storm/war debris（地震／风暴／战争后的残骸）
flying debris（飞散的碎片）
space debris（太空垃圾）

make a thorough analysis of

意思：进行彻底的分析
用法：表示对某件事或问题进行全面、详细的分析
✅ 示例：The team made a thorough analysis of the data before making their decision.
（团队在做出决定之前对数据进行了彻底分析。）

addition to

意思：对……的增加；对……的补充
用法：表示某事物的增加或加入
✅ 示例：This new policy is a valuable addition to our current strategy.
（这一新政策是对我们现有战略的有益补充。）

set the stage for

意思：为……创造条件；为……铺平道路
用法：通常用于说明某个政策、决定或行动为之后的某个重要事件做了准备
✅ 示例：The new law set the stage for economic reform.
（这项新法律为经济改革铺平了道路。）

take over

词性：动词短语
意思：接管；接手（控制、管理、责任等）
常用结构：
- take over something（接管某事）
- take over from someone（从某人手中接管）

🔹 示例：

She will take over the project next week.
她下周将接手这个项目。
The new manager took over from his predecessor in January.
新经理于一月接替了他的前任。

apply to

意思：适用于……
✅ 示例：This rule applies to all students.
这条规定适用于所有学生。

standardize a set of norms

意思：规范一套标准；统一行为规范
✅ 解释：这里是正式用语，表示建立一套被普遍接受的标准或规则，常用于政策、工业、科技领域。

account for

意思：考虑到，解释，说明，导致，占比
用法：表示某事需要被考虑或解释，特别是在统计、报告或责任方面。
✅ 示例：Can you account for your absence yesterday?
（你能解释一下昨天为什么缺席吗？）

in the dawning... industry

意思：在新兴的……产业中
✅ 解释：dawning 作形容词，意为“刚开始的、初现的”，用来描述某个领域刚起步或正在发展的阶段。
✅ 示例：in the dawning era of AI（在人工智能刚兴起的时代）

vigorously analyze

意思：认真地分析；仔细地分析
用法：vigorously 表示“有力地，彻底地”，用于强调分析过程的强度和深度
✅ 示例：The team vigorously analyzed the data before making any conclusions.
（团队在得出任何结论之前，认真地分析了数据。）

vigorous

【形容词】

👉 关键词：充满活力的、强壮的、有力的

✅ 释义：

充满活力的、有精力的：
形容某人或某物表现出强烈的活力、精力或积极性。
强健的、健康的：
形容身体强壮或充满能量。
有力的、强有力的：
指某个动作、活动或态度富有力量，表现出强烈的决心和行动。

✅ 例句：

She gave a vigorous response to the challenge.
（她对这个挑战做出了有力的回应。）
The dog had a vigorous run in the park.
（这只狗在公园里奔跑得非常有活力。）
He is known for his vigorous workouts at the gym.
（他因在健身房的高强度锻炼而闻名。）

✅ 常见搭配：

vigorous exercise/activity（剧烈的运动／活动）
vigorous debate/discussion（激烈的辩论／讨论）
vigorous health（强健的健康）
vigorous growth（旺盛的生长）

norm

【名词】

👉 关键词：规范、准则、标准

✅ 释义：

社会规范 / 行为准则：
指一个社会、群体或文化中普遍接受的行为标准。
通用标准 / 平均水平：
某一群体或时期中被认为“正常”的事物或行为。

✅ 例句：

Social norms vary greatly between cultures.
（社会规范在不同文化之间差异很大。）
She challenged the gender norms of her time.
（她挑战了当时的性别规范。）
These test scores are above the norms for children of this age.
（这些测试成绩高于这个年龄段儿童的平均水平。）

✅ 常见搭配：

break/challenge norms（打破／挑战规范）
cultural/social norms（文化／社会规范）
accepted/established norms（被接受的／既定的准则）
norms of behavior（行为准则）

flight

【名词】

👉 关键词：飞行、航班、逃跑

✅ 释义：

飞行：
指飞机、鸟类等在空中飞行的行为。
航班：
指按照固定时间和航线运行的飞机（也用于航天器）。
逃跑、逃离（常与 from 搭配）：
指因危险或威胁而仓促逃走。
楼梯的一段（flight of stairs）：
楼梯中从一个平台到另一个平台的一段台阶。

✅ 例句：

Our flight to Beijing was delayed.
（我们飞往北京的航班被延误了。）
The bird took flight as we approached.
（我们走近时，那只鸟飞走了。）
Many people were forced into flight during the war.
（战争期间，许多人被迫逃亡。）
She walked up a flight of stairs to the second floor.
（她走上一段楼梯到了二楼。）

✅ 常见搭配：

take a flight（乘飞机）
book/cancel/miss a flight（订／取消／错过航班）
a direct/international/domestic flight（直飞／国际／国内航班）
take flight（飞走；逃走）
a flight of stairs（楼梯的一段）

fight

【动词 / 名词】

👉 关键词：打架、战斗、斗争、抗争

✅ 动词释义：

打架、战斗：
指人与人或国家之间身体或武力上的冲突。
抗争、奋斗：
指为某个目标、权利、理想而努力斗争。
抑制、对抗（情绪、疾病等）：

✅ 名词释义：

打斗、战斗：
实际发生的身体冲突或战争。
争执、争吵：
精神或言语上的冲突。
斗志、抗争精神：

✅ 例句：

动词：
- The two boys were fighting in the playground.
  （两个男孩在操场上打架。）
- She fought hard to survive the illness.
  （她为战胜病魔而顽强抗争。）
- He tried to fight back tears.
  （他努力忍住眼泪。）
名词：
- There was a big fight after the match.
  （比赛后发生了一场打斗。）
- Their fight for justice inspired many people.
  （他们为正义而斗争，激励了许多人。）

✅ 常见搭配：

fight against/for sth（为某事而斗争／对抗某事）
fight a battle/war（进行战斗／战争）
get into a fight（发生打斗）
put up a fight（奋力抵抗）
a fierce/violent/fair fight（激烈的／暴力的／公平的战斗）

lay out

【短语动词】

👉 关键词：展示、布置、阐明

✅ 释义：

展示、展示布局：
将物品、信息等按一定顺序或结构进行安排、展示，通常指在视觉或空间上安排某些事物。
阐明、详细解释：
清楚、详细地展示某个计划、想法或设计的具体内容。
支付（通常指大笔钱）：
支付大量的钱，通常用于购买物品或服务。

✅ 例句：

The architect will lay out the plans for the new building.
（建筑师将展示新建筑的设计图。）
She laid out her ideas for the project in a clear and concise manner.
（她清晰简洁地阐明了这个项目的想法。）
He had to lay out a significant amount of money for the repairs.
（他为修理花费了一大笔钱。）

✅ 常见搭配：

lay out the plans（展示计划）
lay out the design（展示设计）
lay out money（支付金钱）
lay out the details（阐明细节）

hazard

【名词 / 动词】

👉 关键词：危险、风险、冒险

✅ 名词释义：

危险、风险：
指可能导致伤害、损害或负面结果的因素或情境。
隐患：
可能引发危害的潜在因素，通常不明显，但存在一定威胁。

✅ 动词释义：

冒险、敢于猜测或提出：
表示在不确定或有风险的情况下提出意见或建议。

✅ 例句：

名词：
- The chemicals in the factory pose a serious hazard to workers.
  （工厂里的化学品对工人构成严重危险。）
- There is a fire hazard in the building due to old wiring.
  （由于老化的电线，这座建筑存在火灾隐患。）
动词：
- I would hazard a guess that she is already aware of the problem.
  （我敢猜测她已经意识到这个问题了。）
- He hazards a few suggestions for improving the project.
  （他冒险提出了一些改进项目的建议。）

✅ 常见搭配：

health hazard（健康危险）
safety hazard（安全隐患）
environmental hazard（环境危害）
hazard to life（生命危险）
hazard a guess（大胆猜测）

vehicle

【名词】

👉 关键词：车辆、交通工具

✅ 释义：

车辆、交通工具：
指用于运输人员或物品的机器设备，通常包括汽车、卡车、摩托车、自行车等。
媒介、工具：
指用来传递信息、推动某种理念或实现某种目的的手段。

✅ 例句：

The vehicle was parked in front of the house.
（车辆停在房子前面。）
The new advertisement is a powerful vehicle for spreading our message.
（这则新广告是传播我们信息的有力工具。）
He drives a small vehicle to work every day.
（他每天开一辆小车上班。）

✅ 常见搭配：

motor vehicle（机动车）
public vehicle（公共交通工具）
commercial vehicle（商业车辆）
electric vehicle（电动汽车）
means of transportation/vehicle（交通工具）