基于Docker+k8s集群的web应用部署与监控

项目架构图

server	ip
master	192.168.140.130
node1	192.168.140.131
node2	192.168.140.132
ansible	192.168.140.166
jumpserver	192.168.100.133
firewall	192.168.1.86
nfs	192.168.140.157
harbor	192.168.140.159
Promethethus	192.168.140.130
Jenkins	192.168.140.130
Grafana	192.168.140.130
Dashboard	192.168.140.130

项目描述

本项目旨在模拟公司生产环境，构建一个高性能、高可用的 Kubernetes（K8s）集群，用于部署和管理 Web 应用、MySQL 数据库、NFS 存储服务、Harbor 私有镜像仓库、Prometheus 监控系统以及 Jenkins 持续集成工具。通过整合这些关键组件，实现应用的高效部署、自动化运维、性能监控和数据持久化，为企业的数字化转型提供坚实的技术支撑。

项目的核心目标是打造一个稳定、可靠的云原生平台，支持 Web 应用的快速迭代和弹性扩展，同时确保数据的安全性和一致性。通过 Kubernetes 的容器编排能力，结合 Prometheus 和 Grafana 的监控可视化功能，以及 Jenkins 的 CI/CD 流水线，实现从代码开发到生产部署的全流程自动化。此外，Harbor 镜像仓库的引入，进一步优化了镜像管理流程，提高了镜像分发的效率和安全性。

通过本项目的实施，不仅能够提升开发和运维团队的工作效率，还能够显著降低运维成本，增强系统的整体可靠性，为企业的业务发展提供有力保障。

项目环境

CentOS7.9，kubelet-1.23.17，docker-ce-20.10.6，jumpserver，nfs，Jenkins，harbor2.8.3，prometheus-2.43.0，dashboard，Grafana9.1.2-1，mysql等

修改主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname master
hostnamectl set-hostname node1
hostnamectl set-hostname node2#切换用户，重新加载环境
su - root
[root@master ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]#
[root@node2 ~]#

关闭selinux和firewall

# 防火墙并且设置防火墙开启不启动
service firewalld stop && systemctl disable firewalld# 临时关闭seLinux
setenforce 0# 永久关闭seLinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config[root@master ~]# service firewalld stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@master ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@master ~]# reboot
[root@master ~]# getenforce 
Disabled

配置静态ip地址

#master节点
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@master network-scripts]# vim  ifcfg-ens33BOOTPROTO="none"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.140.130
#NETMASK=255.255.255.0
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.140.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114#node1节点
[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@node1 network-scripts]# vim  ifcfg-ens33BOOTPROTO="none"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.140.131
#NETMASK=255.255.255.0
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.140.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114#node2节点
[root@node2 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@node2 network-scripts]# vim  ifcfg-ens33BOOTPROTO="none"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.140.132
#NETMASK=255.255.255.0
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.140.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114

添加hosts域名解析

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.140.130 master
192.168.140.131 node1
192.168.140.132 node2

项目步骤

一、安装部署k8s单master的集群环境（1个master+2个node节点）

# 1.互相之间建立免密通道
ssh-keygen      # 一路回车ssh-copy-id master
ssh-copy-id node1
ssh-copy-id node2# 2.关闭交换分区（Kubeadm初始化的时候会检测）
# 临时关闭：swapoff -a
# 永久关闭：注释swap挂载，给swap这行开头加一下注释
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/fstab#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Mar 23 15:22:20 2023
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=00236222-82bd-4c15-9c97-e55643144ff3 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-home /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0# 3.加载相关内核模块
modprobe br_netfilterecho "modprobe br_netfilter" >> /etc/profilecat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF#重新加载，使配置生效
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf# 为什么要执行modprobe br_netfilter？
#    "modprobe br_netfilter"命令用于在Linux系统中加载br_netfilter内核模块。这个模块是Linux内# 核中的一个网络桥接模块，它允许管理员使用iptables等工具对桥接到同一网卡的流量进行过滤和管理。
# 因为要使用Linux系统作为路由器或防火墙，并且需要对来自不同网卡的数据包进行过滤、转发或NAT操作。# 为什么要开启net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1参数？
#   要让Linux系统具有路由转发功能，需要配置一个Linux的内核参数net.ipv4.ip_forward。这个参数指# 定了Linux系统当前对路由转发功能的支持情况；其值为0时表示禁止进行IP转发；如果是1,则说明IP转发# 功能已经打开。# 4.配置阿里云的repo源
yum install -y yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repoyum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget net-tools nfs-utils lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel openssl-devel curl curl-devel unzip sudo ntp libaio-devel wget vim ncurses-devel autoconf automake zlib-devel  python-devel epel-release openssh-server socat  ipvsadm conntrack ntpdate telnet ipvsadm# 5.配置安装k8s组件需要的阿里云的repo源
[root@master ~]# vim  /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0# 6.配置时间同步
[root@master ~]# crontab -e
* */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate   cn.pool.ntp.org#重启crond服务
[root@master ~]# service crond restart# 7.安装docker服务
yum install docker-ce-20.10.6 -y# 启动docker，设置开机自启
systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker.service# 8.配置docker镜像加速器和驱动
vim  /etc/docker/daemon.json {"registry-mirrors":["https://rsbud4vc.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
} # 重新加载配置，重启docker服务
systemctl daemon-reload  && systemctl restart docker# 9.安装初始化k8s需要的软件包
yum install -y kubelet-1.23.17 kubeadm-1.23.17 kubectl-1.23.17# 设置kubelet开机启动
systemctl enable kubelet #注：每个软件包的作用
#Kubeadm:  kubeadm是一个工具，用来初始化k8s集群的
#kubelet:   安装在集群所有节点上，用于启动Pod的
#kubectl:   通过kubectl可以部署和管理应用，查看各种资源，创建、删除和更新各种组件# 10.kubeadm初始化k8s集群
# 把初始化k8s集群需要的离线镜像包上传到k8smaster、k8snode1、k8snode2机器上，然后解压
docker load -i k8simage-1-20-6.tar.gz# 把文件远程拷贝到node节点
root@k8smaster ~]# scp k8simage-1-20-6.tar.gz root@node1:/root
root@k8smaster ~]# scp k8simage-1-20-6.tar.gz root@node2:/root# 查看镜像
[root@node1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                                        TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy                v1.20.6    9a1ebfd8124d   2 years ago   118MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler            v1.20.6    b93ab2ec4475   2 years ago   47.3MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager   v1.20.6    560dd11d4550   2 years ago   116MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver            v1.20.6    b05d611c1af9   2 years ago   122MB
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol                                         v3.18.0    2a22066e9588   2 years ago   21.7MB
calico/node                                                       v3.18.0    5a7c4970fbc2   2 years ago   172MB
calico/cni                                                        v3.18.0    727de170e4ce   2 years ago   131MB
calico/kube-controllers                                           v3.18.0    9a154323fbf7   2 years ago   53.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd                      3.4.13-0   0369cf4303ff   2 years ago   253MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                   1.7.0      bfe3a36ebd25   3 years ago   45.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                     3.2        80d28bedfe5d   3 years ago   683kB# 11.使用kubeadm初始化k8s集群
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml[root@master ~]# vim kubeadm.yaml 
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-tokentoken: abcdef.0123456789abcdefttl: 24h0m0susages:- signing- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:advertiseAddress: 192.168.2.104         #控制节点的ipbindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sockname: k8smaster                        #控制节点主机名taints:- effect: NoSchedulekey: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:type: CoreDNS
etcd:local:dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers  # 需要修改为阿里云的仓库
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.6
networking:dnsDomain: cluster.localserviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16         #指定pod网段，需要新增加这个
scheduler: {}
#追加如下几行
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd# 12.基于kubeadm.yaml文件初始化k8s
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerificationmkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configkubeadm join 192.168.2.104:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:83421a7d1baa62269508259b33e6563e45fbeb9139a9c214cbe9fc107f07cb4c # 13.扩容k8s集群-添加工作节点
[root@k8snode1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.2.104:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:83421a7d1baa62269508259b33e6563e45fbeb9139a9c214cbe9fc107f07cb4c [root@k8snode2 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.2.104:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:83421a7d1baa62269508259b33e6563e45fbeb9139a9c214cbe9fc107f07cb4c # 14.在master上查看集群节点状况
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS     ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
master      NotReady   control-plane,master   2m49s   v1.20.6
node1       NotReady   <none>                 19s     v1.20.6
node2       NotReady   <none>                 14s     v1.20.6# 15.node1,node2的ROLES角色为空，<none>就表示这个节点是工作节点。
可以把node1,node2的ROLES变成work
[root@master ~]# kubectl label node node1 node-role.kubernetes.io/worker=worker
node/node1 labeled[root@master ~]# kubectl label node node2 node-role.kubernetes.io/worker=worker
node/node2 labeled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS     ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
master      NotReady   control-plane,master   2m43s   v1.20.6
node1       NotReady   worker                 2m15s   v1.20.6
node2       NotReady   worker                 2m11s   v1.20.6
# 注意：上面状态都是NotReady状态，说明没有安装网络插件# 16.安装kubernetes网络组件-Calico
# 上传calico.yaml到master上，使用yaml文件安装calico网络插件 。
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.23/manifests/calico.yaml --no-check-certificate[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f  calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created# 再次查看集群状态
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
master      Ready    control-plane,master   5m57s   v1.20.6
node1       Ready    worker                 3m27s   v1.20.6
node2       Ready    worker                 3m22s   v1.20.6
# STATUS状态是Ready，说明k8s集群正常运行了

二、部署ansible完成相关软件的自动化运维工作

hostnamectl set-hostname ansible# 1.建立免密通道 在ansible主机上生成密钥对
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:q4c8TiMvoFo1VhzRhdc82SkPICfQcoTMM8Xuv78X6hE root@ansible
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|     o+X=o++ o . |
|     .B.*+. B o  |
|      o* .   =   |
|     .  .     .  |
|    +  .S   E    |
|  .o .  ..   ..  |
| .....o...  .. . |
|..  .++o. . ...  |
|o    o+o  .++o   |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@ansible ~]# cd /root/.ssh
[root@ansible .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts# 2.上传公钥到所有服务器的root用户家目录下
#     所有服务器上开启ssh服务 ，开放22号端口，允许root用户登录
#将公钥上传到master
[root@ansible .ssh]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.140.130
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.140.130 (192.168.140.130)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:vW3D/UV79EsmgiZamRj5gAv1pA2svjKN4cZSL7PFX+M.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:ed:34:bc:0e:61:b3:f0:1d:5e:f1:ec:92:e4:c7:ca:eb.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.140.130's password: Number of key(s) added: 1Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.140.130'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.#将公钥上传到node1
[root@ansible .ssh]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.140.131
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.140.131 (192.168.140.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:vW3D/UV79EsmgiZamRj5gAv1pA2svjKN4cZSL7PFX+M.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:ed:34:bc:0e:61:b3:f0:1d:5e:f1:ec:92:e4:c7:ca:eb.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.140.131's password: Number of key(s) added: 1Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.140.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.#将公钥上传到node2
[root@ansible .ssh]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.140.132
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.140.132 (192.168.140.132)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:vW3D/UV79EsmgiZamRj5gAv1pA2svjKN4cZSL7PFX+M.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:ed:34:bc:0e:61:b3:f0:1d:5e:f1:ec:92:e4:c7:ca:eb.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.140.132's password: Number of key(s) added: 1Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.140.132'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.# 验证是否实现免密码密钥认证
[root@ansible .ssh]# ssh root@192.168.140.130
Last login: Thu Apr 17 01:36:30 2025 from 192.168.140.1
[root@master ~]# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.140.130 closed.
[root@ansible .ssh]# ssh root@192.168.140.131
Last login: Thu Apr 17 01:30:12 2025 from 192.168.140.1
[root@node1 ~]# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.140.131 closed.
[root@ansible .ssh]# ssh root@192.168.140.132
Last login: Thu Apr 17 01:30:15 2025 from 192.168.140.1
[root@node2 ~]# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.140.132 closed.# 3.安装ansible，在管理节点上
[root@ansible .ssh]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@ansible .ssh]# yum  install ansible -y# 4.编写主机清单
[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible
[root@ansible ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg  hosts  roles
[root@ansible ansible]# vim hosts [master]
192.168.140.130[node1]
192.168.140.131[node2]
192.168.140.132 [harbor]
192.168.140.159[nfs]
192.168.140.157[firewall]
192.168.140.178#测试是否成功
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible all -m shell -a "ip add"#关闭防火墙
[root@ansible ~]# service firewalld stop && systemctl disable firewalld
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@ansible ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@ansible ~]# getenforce
Disabled

三、部署堡垒机

# 1.执行命令，一键安装Jumpserver
[root@jumpserver ~]# curl -sSL https://resource.fit2cloud.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/releases/latest/download/quick_start.sh | bash>>> 安装完成了
1. 可以使用如下命令启动, 然后访问
cd /opt/jumpserver-installer-v4.8.1
./jmsctl.sh start2. 其它一些管理命令
./jmsctl.sh stop
./jmsctl.sh restart
./jmsctl.sh backup
./jmsctl.sh upgrade
更多还有一些命令, 你可以 ./jmsctl.sh --help 来了解3. Web 访问
http://192.168.140.133:80
默认用户: admin  默认密码: ChangeMe更多信息
官方网站: https://www.jumpserver.org/
官方文档: https://docs.jumpserver.org/# 2.禁止root用户直接登入，禁用22号端口
[root@jumpserver /]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Port 6677
PermitRootLogin no

四、部署firewall服务器

# 在firewall服务器上编写脚本实现SNAT_DNAT功能
[root@firewall ~]# vim snat_dnat.sh#!/bin/bash#清除规则
iptables  -F
iptables  -t  nat -F#开启路由功能
echo  1  >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward#开启snat功能iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.140.0/24  -o ens36 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.86#开启DNAT功能
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i ens36 -d 192.168.1.86 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.140.130:80#发布堡垒机
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.1.86 -p tcp --dport 2288 -i ens36 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.140.133:6677#在k8s集群中的master节点上开启相应的端口
[root@master ~]# vim open_app.sh
#!/bin/bash# open ssh
iptables -t filter  -A INPUT  -p tcp  --dport  22 -j ACCEPT# open dns
iptables -t filter  -A INPUT  -p udp  --dport 53 -s 192.168.140.0/24 -j ACCEPT# open dhcp 
iptables -t filter  -A INPUT  -p udp   --dport 67 -j ACCEPT# open http/https
iptables -t filter  -A INPUT -p tcp   --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t filter  -A INPUT -p tcp   --dport 443 -j ACCEPT# open mysql
iptables  -t filter  -A INPUT -p tcp  --dport 3306  -j ACCEPT# open Kubernetes API
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 6443 -j ACCEPT# drop icmp request
iptables -t filter  -A INPUT -p icmp  --icmp-type 8 -j DROP# default policy DROP
#iptables  -t filter  -P INPUT DROP

五、搭建nfs服务器，保障nginx集群的数据一致性，并且设置提供服务的后端real-server开机自动挂载

1.下载nfs-utils软件
[root@nfs ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y2.新建共享目录和index.html
[root@nfs ~]# mkdir /nginx
[root@nfs ~]# cd /nginx
[root@nfs nginx]# echo "hello world" >index.html
[root@nfs nginx]# ls
index.html3.设置共享目录
[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/exports
[root@nfs ~]# cat /etc/exports
/nginx   192.168.140.0/24(ro,no_root_squash,sync)4.刷新nfs或者重新输出共享目录
[root@nfs ~]# exportfs -r   #输出所有共享目录
[root@nfs ~]# exportfs -v   #显示输出的共享目录
/nginx            192.168.140.0/24(sync,wdelay,hide,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,ro,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)5.重启nfs服务并且设置nfs开机自启
[root@nfs web]# systemctl restart nfs && systemctl enable nfs
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.

创建pv使用nfs服务器上的共享目录

# 在master上操作
[root@master ~]# mkdir /pv
[root@master ~]# cd /pv
[root@master pv]# vim nfs-pv.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:name: pv-weblabels:type: pv-web
spec:capacity:storage: 10Gi accessModes:- ReadWriteManystorageClassName: nfsnfs:path: "/nginx"server: 192.168.140.157readOnly: false[root@master pv]# kubectl apply -f nfs-pv.yaml 
persistentvolume/pv-web created[root@master pv]# kubectl get pv
NAME          CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS      CLAIM                  STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
pv-web        10Gi       RWX            Retain           Available                          nfs                     2m22s# 创建pvc
[root@master pv]# vim nfs-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:name: pvc-web
spec:accessModes:- ReadWriteMany      resources:requests:storage: 1GistorageClassName: nfs[root@master pv]# kubectl apply -f nfs-pvc.yaml
persistentvolumeclaim/pvc-web created[root@master pv]# kubectl get pvc
NAME      STATUS   VOLUME   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
pvc-web   Bound    pv-web   10Gi       RWX            nfs            11s# 创建pod
[root@master pv]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: nginx-deploymentlabels:app: nginx
spec:replicas: 4selector:matchLabels:app: nginxtemplate:metadata:labels:app: nginxspec:volumes:- name: pv-storage-nfspersistentVolumeClaim:claimName: pvc-webcontainers:- name: pv-container-nfsimage: nginximagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentports:- containerPort: 80name: "http-server"volumeMounts:- mountPath: "/usr/share/nginx/html"name: pv-storage-nfs[root@master pv]# kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created[root@master pv]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP               NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-deployment-5ffbcf544-hdn2v   1/1     Running   0          13s   10.224.166.180   node1   <none>           <none>
nginx-deployment-5ffbcf544-p6tpx   1/1     Running   0          13s   10.224.166.181   node1   <none>           <none>
nginx-deployment-5ffbcf544-wr9m7   1/1     Running   0          13s   10.224.104.53    node2   <none>           <none>
nginx-deployment-5ffbcf544-ztkbx   1/1     Running   0          13s   10.224.104.54    node2   <none>           <none># 测试
[root@master pv]# curl 10.224.104.53
hello world# 对nfs服务器上index.html的内容进行修改
[root@nfs nginx]# vim index.html 
hello world!
welcome to my'web![root@master pv]# curl 10.224.104.53
hello world!
welcome to my'web!

六、采用HPA技术来启动nginx和MySQL的pod，cpu使用率超过80%时进行水平扩缩

部署MySQLpod

# 编写yaml文件
[root@master ~]# mkdir /mysql
[root@master ~]# cd /mysql/
[root@master mysql]# vim mysql.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: mysqlname: mysql
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: mysqltemplate:metadata:labels: app: mysqlspec:containers:- image: mysql:latestname: mysqlimagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentenv:- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORDvalue: "123456"ports:- containerPort: 3306
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: svc-mysqlname: svc-mysql
spec:selector:app: mysqltype: NodePortports:- port: 3306protocol: TCPtargetPort: 3306nodePort: 30007#部署pod
[root@master mysql]# kubectl apply -f mysql.yaml 
deployment.apps/mysql created
service/svc-mysql created[root@master mysql]# kubectl get service
NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
kubernetes           ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP          14d
svc-mysql            NodePort    10.100.245.213   <none>        3306:30006/TCP   20s[root@master mysql]# kubectl get pods
NAME                               READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
mysql-597ff9595d-s8kqh             1/1     Running       0          2m11s
nginx-deployment-5ffbcf544-hdn2v   1/1     Running       0          14m
nginx-deployment-5ffbcf544-p6tpx   1/1     Running       0          14m
nginx-deployment-5ffbcf544-wr9m7   1/1     Running       0          14m
nginx-deployment-5ffbcf544-ztkbx   1/1     Running       0          14m# 进入MySQL
[root@master mysql]# kubectl exec -it mysql-597ff9595d-s8kqh -- bash
bash-5.1# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 9.3.0 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

部署带有HPA功能的nginx

# 编写yaml文件
[root@master ~]# mkdir /hpa
[root@master ~]# cd /hpa
[root@master hpa]# vim nginx-hpa.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: myweb
spec:selector:matchLabels:run: mywebtemplate:metadata:labels:run: mywebspec:containers:- name: mywebimage: nginximagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentports:- containerPort: 80resources:limits:cpu: 200mrequests:cpu: 50m
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: myweb-svclabels:run: myweb-svc
spec:type: NodePortports:- port: 80targetPort: 80nodePort: 31000selector:run: myweb[root@master hpa]# kubectl apply -f nginx-hpa.yaml
deployment.apps/myweb created
service/myweb-svc created[root@master hpa]# kubectl get pod -o wide 
NAME                               READY   STATUS              RESTARTS        AGE   IP               NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
myweb-55d568cd6c-mc6sp             1/1     Running             0               24s   10.224.104.57    node2   <none>           <none># 启用HPA水平扩缩
[root@master hpa]# kubectl autoscale deployment myweb --cpu-percent=80 --min=1 --max=10
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/myweb autoscaled

安装metrics-server

# 在master上操作
# 下载components.yaml配置文件
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/latest/download/components.yaml# 修改components.yaml配置文件
image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.6.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
// 新增下面两行参数
- --kubelet-insecure-tls
- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalDNS,InternalIP,ExternalDNS,ExternalIP,Hostname[root@master ~]# cat components.yaml
部分代码如下
spec:containers:- args:- --kubelet-insecure-tls- --cert-dir=/tmp- --secure-port=10250- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalDNS,InternalIP,ExternalDNS,ExternalIP,Hostname- --kubelet-use-node-status-port- --metric-resolution=15simage: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.6.0imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent# 部署
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f components.yaml# 检查是否安装成功
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide -n kube-system |grep metrics-server
metrics-server-5bd756b4b8-788qj            1/1     Running   0              51s   10.224.104.10     node2    <none>           <none>[root@master ~]# kubectl top node
NAME     CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
master   163m         8%     1183Mi          32%       
node1    88m          4%     1186Mi          32%       
node2    76m          3%     656Mi           17%

在nfs服务器上进行ab压力测试

# 安装httpd-tools工具
[root@nfs ~]# yum install httpd-tools -y# 模拟用户访问业务场景
# ab -n <请求数量> -c <并发数> <URL>
[root@nfs ~]# ab  -n 1000  -c 50  http://192.168.121.101:31000/index.html# 在master机器上监控HPA状态
[root@master ~]# kubectl get hpa --watch# 增加请求数量和并发数量
[root@nfs ~]# ab  -n 5000  -c100  http://192.168.121.101:31000/index.html
[root@nfs ~]# ab  -n 10000  -c200  http://192.168.121.101:31000/index.html
[root@nfs ~]# ab  -n 20000  -c400  http://192.168.121.101:31000/index.html

七、构建CI/CD环境，安装部署Jenkins、harbor实现相关的代码发布

部署并安装Jenkins

# 安装git软件
[root@master ~]# mkdir /jenkins
[root@master ~]# cd /jenkins
[root@master jenkins]# yum install git -y# 下载yaml文件
[root@master jenkins]# git clone https://github.com/scriptcamp/kubernetes-jenkins# 创建一个命名空间
[root@master jenkins]# cd kubernetes-jenkins/
[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# cat namespace.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: devops-tools[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml 
namespace/devops-tools created# 查看命名空间
[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl get ns
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   39h
devops-tools      Active   89s
kube-node-lease   Active   39h
kube-public       Active   39h
kube-system       Active   39h# 创建服务账号，集群角色绑定
[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# vim serviceAccount.yaml 
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:name: jenkins-admin
rules:- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["*"]verbs: ["*"]---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: jenkins-adminnamespace: devops-tools---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: jenkins-admin
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: jenkins-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: jenkins-adminnamespace: devops-tools[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl apply -f serviceAccount.yaml 
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/jenkins-admin unchanged
serviceaccount/jenkins-admin unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/jenkins-admin created# 创建卷
[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# vim  volume.yamlkind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:name: local-storage
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:name: jenkins-pv-volumelabels:type: local
spec:storageClassName: local-storageclaimRef:name: jenkins-pv-claimnamespace: devops-toolscapacity:storage: 10GiaccessModes:- ReadWriteOncelocal:path: /mntnodeAffinity:required:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/hostnameoperator: Invalues:- node1  # 改为自己k8s集群里的node节点名字---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:name: jenkins-pv-claimnamespace: devops-tools
spec:storageClassName: local-storageaccessModes:- ReadWriteOnceresources:requests:storage: 3Gi[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl apply -f volume.yaml 
storageclass.storage.k8s.io/local-storage created
persistentvolume/jenkins-pv-volume created
persistentvolumeclaim/jenkins-pv-claim created[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl get pv
NAME                CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM                           STORAGECLASS    REASON   AGE
jenkins-pv-volume   10Gi       RWO            Retain           Bound    devops-tools/jenkins-pv-claim   local-storage            22s
pv-web              10Gi       RWX            Retain           Bound    default/pvc-web                 nfs                      17h[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl describe pv jenkins-pv-volume
Name:              jenkins-pv-volume
Labels:            type=local
Annotations:       <none>
Finalizers:        [kubernetes.io/pv-protection]
StorageClass:      local-storage
Status:            Bound
Claim:             devops-tools/jenkins-pv-claim
Reclaim Policy:    Retain
Access Modes:      RWO
VolumeMode:        Filesystem
Capacity:          10Gi
Node Affinity:     Required Terms:  Term 0:        kubernetes.io/hostname in [node1]
Message:           
Source:Type:  LocalVolume (a persistent volume backed by local storage on a node)Path:  /mnt
Events:    <none># 部署Jenkins
[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# cat deployment.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: jenkinsnamespace: devops-tools
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: jenkins-servertemplate:metadata:labels:app: jenkins-serverspec:securityContext:fsGroup: 1000 runAsUser: 1000serviceAccountName: jenkins-admincontainers:- name: jenkinsimage: jenkins/jenkins:ltsimagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentresources:limits:memory: "2Gi"cpu: "1000m"requests:memory: "500Mi"cpu: "500m"ports:- name: httpportcontainerPort: 8080- name: jnlpportcontainerPort: 50000livenessProbe:httpGet:path: "/login"port: 8080initialDelaySeconds: 90periodSeconds: 10timeoutSeconds: 5failureThreshold: 5readinessProbe:httpGet:path: "/login"port: 8080initialDelaySeconds: 60periodSeconds: 10timeoutSeconds: 5failureThreshold: 3volumeMounts:- name: jenkins-datamountPath: /var/jenkins_home         volumes:- name: jenkins-datapersistentVolumeClaim:claimName: jenkins-pv-claim[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml 
deployment.apps/jenkins created[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl get deploy -n devops-tools
NAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
jenkins   1/1     1            1           7m[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl get pod -n devops-tools
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
jenkins-b96f7764f-hf24r   1/1     Running   0          6m7s# 发布Jenkins pod
[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# cat service.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: jenkins-servicenamespace: devops-toolsannotations:prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'prometheus.io/path:   /prometheus.io/port:   '8080'
spec:selector: app: jenkins-servertype: NodePort  ports:- port: 8080targetPort: 8080nodePort: 32000[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl apply -f service.yaml
service/jenkins-service created[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl get svc -n devops-tools
NAME              TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
jenkins-service   NodePort   10.98.133.177   <none>        8080:32000/TCP   8s# 使用浏览器访问宿主机的IP+端口号
http://192.168.140.130:32000# 进入pod里获取密码
[root@master kubernetes-jenkins]# kubectl exec -it jenkins-b96f7764f-hf24r -n devops-tools -- bash
jenkins@jenkins-b96f7764f-hf24r:/$ cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword
ad4fbdcf630a4f43ab955d6c91a58890

部署安装Gitlab

# 部署gitlab
https://gitlab.cn/install/[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname gitlab
[root@localhost ~]# su - root
su - root
上一次登录：日 6月 18 18:28:08 CST 2023从 192.168.2.240pts/0 上
[root@gitlab ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@gitlab network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33 
[root@gitlab network-scripts]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl):                        [  确定  ]
[root@gitlab network-scripts]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@gitlab network-scripts]# service firewalld stop && systemctl disable firewalld
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@gitlab network-scripts]# reboot
[root@gitlab ~]# getenforce
Disabled# 1.安装和配置必须的依赖项
yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server perl# 2.配置极狐GitLab 软件源镜像
[root@gitlab ~]# curl -fsSL https://packages.gitlab.cn/repository/raw/scripts/setup.sh | /bin/bash
==> Detected OS centos==> Add yum repo file to /etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-jh.repo[gitlab-jh]
name=JiHu GitLab
baseurl=https://packages.gitlab.cn/repository/el/$releasever/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://packages.gitlab.cn/repository/raw/gpg/public.gpg.key
priority=1
enabled=1==> Generate yum cache for gitlab-jh==> Successfully added gitlab-jh repo. To install JiHu GitLab, run "sudo yum/dnf install gitlab-jh".[root@gitlab ~]# yum install gitlab-jh -y
Thank you for installing JiHu GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your JiHu GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your JiHu GitLab instance by running the following command:sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigureFor a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://jihulab.com/gitlab-cn/omnibus-gitlab/-/blob/main-jh/README.mdHelp us improve the installation experience, let us know how we did with a 1 minute survey:
https://wj.qq.com/s2/10068464/dc66[root@gitlab ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 
external_url 'http://gitlab.example.com'[root@gitlab ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
Notes:
Default admin account has been configured with following details:
Username: root
Password: You didn't opt-in to print initial root password to STDOUT.
Password stored to /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password. This file will be cleaned up in first reconfigure run after 24 hours.
NOTE: Because these credentials might be present in your log files in plain text, it is highly recommended to reset the password following https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/security/reset_user_password.html#reset-your-root-password.
gitlab Reconfigured!
# 查看密码
[root@gitlab ~]# cat /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password 
# WARNING: This value is valid only in the following conditions
#          1. If provided manually (either via `GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD` environment variable or via `gitlab_rails['initial_root_password']` setting in `gitlab.rb`, it was provided before database was seeded for the first time (usually, the first reconfigure run).
#          2. Password hasn't been changed manually, either via UI or via command line.
#
#          If the password shown here doesn't work, you must reset the admin password following https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/security/reset_user_password.html#reset-your-root-password.Password: LfkwPEmMt6KTa94Q2S4LvArCEGoQcPYmSFzYSKOiHdg=# NOTE: This file will be automatically deleted in the first reconfigure run after 24 hours.# 可以登录后修改语言为中文
# 用户的profile/preferences# 修改密码[root@gitlab ~]# gitlab-rake gitlab:env:infoSystem information
System:     
Proxy:      no
Current User:   git
Using RVM:  no
Ruby Version:   3.0.6p216
Gem Version:    3.4.13
Bundler Version:2.4.13
Rake Version:   13.0.6
Redis Version:  6.2.11
Sidekiq Version:6.5.7
Go Version: unknownGitLab information
Version:    16.0.4-jh
Revision:   c2ed99db36f
Directory:  /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails
DB Adapter: PostgreSQL
DB Version: 13.11
URL:        http://myweb.first.com
HTTP Clone URL: http://myweb.first.com/some-group/some-project.git
SSH Clone URL:  git@myweb.first.com:some-group/some-project.git
Elasticsearch:  no
Geo:        no
Using LDAP: no
Using Omniauth: yes
Omniauth Providers: GitLab Shell
Version:    14.20.0
Repository storages:
- default:  unix:/var/opt/gitlab/gitaly/gitaly.socket
GitLab Shell path:      /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell

部署安装harbor

# 准备一台2核4G内存的虚拟机
# 配置好阿里云的repo源
[root@harbor ~]# yum install yum-utils -y
[root@harbor ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo# 安装docker
[root@harbor ~]# yum install docker-ce -y# 启动docker，设置开机启动
[root@harbor ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@harbor ~]# systemctl enable docker.service# 查看docker和docker compose的版本
[root@harbor ~]# docker version
[root@harbor ~]# docker compose version# 安装harbor
[root@harbor ~]# wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.8.3/harbor-offline-installer-v2.8.3.tgz# 解压
[root@harbor ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  harbor-offline-installer-v2.8.3.tgz
[root@harbor ~]# tar xf harbor-offline-installer-v2.8.3.tgz# 修改配置文件
[root@harbor ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  harbor  harbor-offline-installer-v2.8.3.tgz[root@harbor ~]# cd harbor
[root@harbor harbor]# ls
common.sh             harbor.yml.tmpl  LICENSE
harbor.v2.8.3.tar.gz  install.sh       prepare[root@harbor harbor]# vim harbor.yml.tmpl
# The IP address or hostname to access admin UI and registry service.
# DO NOT use localhost or 127.0.0.1, because Harbor needs to be accessed by external clients.
hostname: 192.168.140.159  #修改为主机ip地址# http related config
http:# port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https portport: 5001  #端口可以修改#如果开启https功能的话，需要在对应位置添加证书路径（要有证书）
https:# https port for harbor, default is 443port: 443# The path of cert and key files for nginxcertificate: /root/harbor/nginx.crtprivate_key: /root/harbor/ca.key
# 其余地方不做修改 # 安装harbor
[root@harbor harbor]# mv harbor.yml.tmpl  harbor.yml
[root@harbor harbor]# ./install.sh
[+] Running 9/10⠇ Network harbor_harbor        Created                                                                     2.8s ✔ Container harbor-log         Started                                                                     0.5s ✔ Container registry           Started                                                                     1.5s ✔ Container harbor-db          Started                                                                     1.2s ✔ Container harbor-portal      Started                                                                     1.6s ✔ Container redis              Started                                                                     1.5s ✔ Container registryctl        Started                                                                     1.2s ✔ Container harbor-core        Started                                                                     1.9s ✔ Container harbor-jobservice  Started                                                                     2.4s ✔ Container nginx              Started                                                                     2.5s 
✔ ----Harbor has been installed and started successfully.----[root@harbor harbor]# docker compose ps|grep harbor
WARN[0000] /root/harbor/docker-compose.yml: `version` is obsolete 
harbor-core         goharbor/harbor-core:v2.8.3          "/harbor/entrypoint.…"   core          2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   
harbor-db           goharbor/harbor-db:v2.8.3            "/docker-entrypoint.…"   postgresql    2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   
harbor-jobservice   goharbor/harbor-jobservice:v2.8.3    "/harbor/entrypoint.…"   jobservice    2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   
harbor-log          goharbor/harbor-log:v2.8.3           "/bin/sh -c /usr/loc…"   log           2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   127.0.0.1:1514->10514/tcp
harbor-portal       goharbor/harbor-portal:v2.8.3        "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   portal        2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   
nginx               goharbor/nginx-photon:v2.8.3         "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   proxy         2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   0.0.0.0:5001->8080/tcp, :::5001->8080/tcp
redis               goharbor/redis-photon:v2.8.3         "redis-server /etc/r…"   redis         2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   
registry            goharbor/registry-photon:v2.8.3      "/home/harbor/entryp…"   registry      2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   
registryctl         goharbor/harbor-registryctl:v2.8.3   "/home/harbor/start.…"   registryctl   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes (healthy)   # 用浏览器访问，测试效果
http://192.168.140.159:5001/
账号：admin
密码：Harbor12345
新建一个项目:k8s-harbor
新建一个用户:user 
密码:Aa12345678
授权k8s-harbor项目允许用户user去访问，授予项目管理员权限# 实现k8s集群使用harbor仓库
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.xuanyuan.me","https://registry.docker-cn.com","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],"insecure-registries": ["192.168.140.159:5001"],"data-root": "/opt/lib/docker"
}
#保存文件后，重启Docker服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

测试harbor的镜像上传和拉取

# 在原来安装harbor的宿主机上，重新启动harbor相关的容器
[root@docker harbor]# cd /harbor
[root@docker harbor]# docker compose up -d# master上登陆harbor仓库
[root@master ~]# docker login 192.168.140.159:5001
Username: user
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-storeLogin Succeeded# 将master上的nginx镜像上传到仓库里
[root@master ~]# docker tag nginx:latest  192.168.140.159:5001/k8s-harbor/nginx:latest
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                                        TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
192.168.121.105:5001/k8s-harbor/nginx                             latest     92b11f67642b   7 weeks ago     187MB[root@master ~]# docker push 192.168.140.159:5001/k8s-harbor/nginx:latest# 在nfs服务器上拉取harbor仓库里的nginx镜像
[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.xuanyuan.me","https://registry.docker-cn.com","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],"insecure-registries": ["192.168.140.159:5001"],"data-root": "/opt/lib/docker"
}# 重启docker
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart docker# 登陆harbor仓库
[root@nfs ~]# docker login 192.168.140.159:5001#在nfs服务器上从harbor拉取镜像
[root@nfs ~]# docker pull  192.168.140.159:5001/k8s-harbor/nginx:latest#查看是否拉取成功
[root@nfs ~]# docker images|grep nginx
192.168.140.159:5001/k8s-harbor/nginx   latest    4e1b6bae1e48   2 days ago   192MB

八、使用ingress，给web业务做基于域名的负载均衡

安装ingress controller

[root@master ~]# mkdir /ingress
[root@master ~]# cd /ingress/
[root@master ingress]# ls
ingress-controller-deploy.yaml         kube-webhook-certgen-v1.1.0.tar.gz
ingress-nginx-controllerv1.1.0.tar.gz  nginx-svc-1.yaml
ingress.yaml                           nginx-svc-2.yaml# 将镜像传到所有的node节点服务器上
[root@master ingress]# scp kube-webhook-certgen-v1.1.0.tar.gz node2:/root
[root@master ingress]# scp kube-webhook-certgen-v1.1.0.tar.gz node1:/root
[root@master ingress]# scp ingress-nginx-controllerv1.1.0.tar.gz node1:/root
[root@master ingress]# scp ingress-nginx-controllerv1.1.0.tar.gz node2:/root# 在node1和node2上导入镜像
[root@node1 ~]# docker load -i ingress-nginx-controllerv1.1.0.tar.gz 
[root@node1 ~]# docker load -i kube-webhook-certgen-v1.1.0.tar.gz
[root@node1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                                                     TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller   v1.1.0     ae1a7201ec95   2 years ago     285MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen       v1.1.1     c41e9fcadf5a   2 years ago     47.7MB# 使用ingress-controller-deploy.yaml文件启动ingress controller
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-controller-deploy.yaml 
namespace/ingress-nginx created
serviceaccount/ingress-nginx created
configmap/ingress-nginx-controller created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission created
service/ingress-nginx-controller created
deployment.apps/ingress-nginx-controller created
ingressclass.networking.k8s.io/nginx created
validatingwebhookconfiguration.admissionregistration.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
serviceaccount/ingress-nginx-admission created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-create created
job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-patch created# 查看命名空间
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get namespace
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   44h
devops-tools      Active   5h30m
ingress-nginx     Active   14s
kube-node-lease   Active   44h
kube-public       Active   44h
kube-system       Active   44h# 查看相关service
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx-controller             NodePort    10.101.156.215   <none>        80:32023/TCP,443:30325/TCP   2m47s
ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP   10.105.220.120   <none>        443/TCP                      2m47s# 查看相关pod
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                        READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
ingress-nginx-admission-create-cpd95        0/1     Completed   0          3m28s
ingress-nginx-admission-patch-jdk4w         0/1     Completed   1          3m28s
ingress-nginx-controller-7cd558c647-2d878   1/1     Running     0          3m28s
ingress-nginx-controller-7cd558c647-ct69k   1/1     Running     0          3m28s

创建pod和暴露pod服务

[root@master ingress]# vim nginx-svc-1.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: nginx-deploy-1labels:app: nginx-1
spec:replicas: 3selector:matchLabels:app: nginx-1template:metadata:labels:app: nginx-1spec:containers:- name: nginx-1image: nginximagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentports:- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name:  nginx-svc-1labels:app: nginx-svc-1
spec:selector:app: nginx-1ports:- name: name-of-service-portprotocol: TCPport: 80targetPort: 80[root@master ingress]# vim nginx-svc-2.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: nginx-deploy-2labels:app: nginx-2
spec:replicas: 3selector:matchLabels:app: nginx-2template:metadata:labels:app: nginx-2spec:containers:- name: nginx-2image: nginximagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentports:- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name:  nginx-svc-2labels:app: nginx-svc-2
spec:selector:app: nginx-2ports:- name: name-of-service-portprotocol: TCPport: 80targetPort: 80[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f nginx-svc-1.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy-1 created
service/nginx-svc-1 created
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f nginx-svc-2.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy-2 created
service/nginx-svc-2 created

启用ingress关联ingress controller和service

[root@master ingress]# vim ingress-url.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:name: simple-fanout-exampleannotations:kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginx
spec:ingressClassName: nginxrules:- host: www.qqx.comhttp:paths:- path: /foopathType: Prefixbackend:service:name: nginx-svc-1port:number: 80- path: /barpathType: Prefixbackend:service:name: nginx-svc-2port:number: 80[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-url.yaml 
ingress.networking.k8s.io/simple-fanout-example created[root@master ingress]# kubectl get ingress
NAME                    CLASS   HOSTS         ADDRESS                           PORTS   AGE
simple-fanout-example   nginx   www.qqx.com   192.168.140.131,192.168.140.132   80      44m

在nfs服务器上进行测试，需要在/etc/hosts文件里添加域名解析记录

[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.140.131 www.qqx.com
192.168.140.132 www.qqx.com  [root@master ingress]# kubectl get pod 
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-chbvh   1/1     Running   0             29m
nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-dd5z8   1/1     Running   0             29m
nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-k59dg   1/1     Running   0             29m
nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-4n5ct   1/1     Running   0             29m
nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-4pnh6   1/1     Running   0             29m
nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-wzrf6   1/1     Running   0             29m# 进入service1对应的一个pod里
[root@master ingress]# kubectl exec -it nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-dd5z8  -- bash# 新建/for文件夹以及index.html网页文件
root@nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-dd5z8:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/ 
root@nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-dd5z8:/usr/share/nginx/html# mkdir /foo
root@nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-dd5z8:/usr/share/nginx/html# cd /foo/
root@nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-dd5z8:/foo# echo "this is www.qqx.com/foo/" >index.html
root@nginx-deploy-1-75d4755db9-dd5z8:/foo# exit# 同理，进入service2上的pod并新建/bar文件夹以及index.html网页文件
[root@master ingress]# kubectl exec -it nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-4pnh6   -- bash
root@nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-4pnh6:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
root@nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-4pnh6:/usr/share/nginx/html# mkdir bar
root@nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-4pnh6:/usr/share/nginx/html# cd bar/
root@nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-4pnh6:/usr/share/nginx/html/bar# echo "this is www.qqx.com/bar/" >index.html
root@nginx-deploy-2-5c47798b5f-4pnh6:/usr/share/nginx/html/bar# exit# 在nfs服务器上
[root@nfs ~]# curl www.qqx.com/foo/index.html
this is www.qqx.com/foo/
[root@nfs ~]# curl www.qqx.com/bar/index.html
this is www.qqx.com/bar/

九、使用探针监控web业务的pod，出现问题马上重启，增强业务可靠性

[root@master /]# mkdir /probe
[root@master /]# cd /probe/# 为了和第五步的myweb.yaml区分，下面的myweb都加上后缀
[root@master probe]# vim myweb2.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: myweb2name: myweb2
spec:replicas: 3selector:matchLabels:app: myweb2template:metadata:labels:app: myweb2spec:containers:- name: myweb2image: nginximagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentports:- containerPort: 8000resources:limits:cpu: 300mrequests:cpu: 100mlivenessProbe:exec:command:- ls- /tmpinitialDelaySeconds: 5periodSeconds: 5readinessProbe:exec:command:- ls- /tmpinitialDelaySeconds: 5periodSeconds: 5   startupProbe:httpGet:path: /port: 8000failureThreshold: 30periodSeconds: 10
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: myweb2-svcname: myweb2-svc
spec:selector:app: myweb2type: NodePortports:- port: 8000protocol: TCPtargetPort: 8000nodePort: 30001[root@master probe]# kubectl apply -f myweb2.yaml 
deployment.apps/myweb2 unchanged
service/myweb2-svc created[root@master probe]# kubectl get pod |grep -i  myweb2
myweb2-7c4dcb8459-7vn8d            1/1     Running     2 (84s ago)   11m
myweb2-7c4dcb8459-jxdpf            1/1     Running     2 (84s ago)   11m
myweb2-7c4dcb8459-zc9n7            1/1     Running     2 (84s ago)   11m[root@master probe]# kubectl describe pod myweb2-7c4dcb8459-zc9n7
Liveness:     exec [ls /tmp] delay=5s timeout=1s period=5s #success=1 #failure=3
Readiness:    exec [ls /tmp] delay=5s timeout=1s period=5s #success=1 #failure=3
Startup:      http-get http://:8000/ delay=0s timeout=1s period=10s #success=1 #failure=30

十、使用dashboard掌控整个web集群的资源

[root@master ~]# mkdir /dashboard
[root@master ~]# cd /dashboard
[root@master dashboard]# vim recommended.yaml 
[root@master dashboard]# cat recommended.yaml 
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: kubernetes-dashboard---apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:type: NodePort  # 关键修改：将 ClusterIP 改为 NodePortports:- port: 443targetPort: 8443nodePort: 30088  # 手动指定 NodePort 端口（范围 30000-32767）selector:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-certsnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-csrfnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:csrf: ""---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holdernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque---kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-settingsnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["secrets"]resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["configmaps"]resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]verbs: ["get", "update"]# Allow Dashboard to get metrics.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["services"]resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]verbs: ["proxy"]- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["services/proxy"]resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]verbs: ["get"]---kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:# Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]resources: ["pods", "nodes"]verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: Rolename: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:replicas: 1revisionHistoryLimit: 10selector:matchLabels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardtemplate:metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardspec:securityContext:seccompProfile:type: RuntimeDefaultcontainers:- name: kubernetes-dashboardimage: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0imagePullPolicy: Alwaysports:- containerPort: 8443protocol: TCPargs:- --auto-generate-certificates- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:portvolumeMounts:- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certsmountPath: /certs# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs- mountPath: /tmpname: tmp-volumelivenessProbe:httpGet:scheme: HTTPSpath: /port: 8443initialDelaySeconds: 30timeoutSeconds: 30securityContext:allowPrivilegeEscalation: falsereadOnlyRootFilesystem: truerunAsUser: 1001runAsGroup: 2001volumes:- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certssecret:secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs- name: tmp-volumeemptyDir: {}serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboardnodeSelector:"kubernetes.io/os": linux# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on mastertolerations:- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/mastereffect: NoSchedule---kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapername: dashboard-metrics-scrapernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:ports:- port: 8000targetPort: 8000selector:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper---kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapername: dashboard-metrics-scrapernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:replicas: 1revisionHistoryLimit: 10selector:matchLabels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapertemplate:metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraperspec:securityContext:seccompProfile:type: RuntimeDefaultcontainers:- name: dashboard-metrics-scraperimage: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8ports:- containerPort: 8000protocol: TCPlivenessProbe:httpGet:scheme: HTTPpath: /port: 8000initialDelaySeconds: 30timeoutSeconds: 30volumeMounts:- mountPath: /tmpname: tmp-volumesecurityContext:allowPrivilegeEscalation: falsereadOnlyRootFilesystem: truerunAsUser: 1001runAsGroup: 2001volumes:- name: tmp-volumeemptyDir: {}  serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboardnodeSelector:"kubernetes.io/os": linux# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on mastertolerations:- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master[root@master dashboard]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml 
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created# 查看命名空间
[root@master dashboard]# kubectl get ns
NAME                   STATUS   AGE
cpu-example            Active   14d
default                Active   16d
devops-tools           Active   10h
ingress-nginx          Active   100m
kube-node-lease        Active   16d
kube-public            Active   16d
kube-system            Active   16d
kubernetes-dashboard   Active   24s
mem-example            Active   14d# 查看pod是否启动
[root@master dashboard]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-768cb4b7c4-6cglm   1/1     Running   0          69s
kubernetes-dashboard-758765f476-6nkh8        1/1     Running   0          69s# 查看服务是否启动
[root@master dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.110.66.224   <none>        8000/TCP   85s
kubernetes-dashboard        ClusterIP   10.96.203.199   <none>        443/TCP    86s在浏览器里访问 https://192.168.140.130:30088/# 获取token
[root@master dashboard]# kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard|grep dashboard-token
kubernetes-dashboard-token-7hkhr   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      2m50s
[root@master dashboard]# kubectl describe secret -n kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-token-7hkhr 
Name:         kubernetes-dashboard-token-7hkhr
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboardkubernetes.io/service-account.uid: e16ebfee-3fdc-4413-86da-e8977521a6b5Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-tokenData
====
ca.crt:     1099 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Im0wMzRMeEU1RU9UY1F1ZW9EOTJTRVRlaVZ6UUNTV0FwbmRNM0NBRVJVQVUifQ.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.ALySk8mxSW6AaThZMWjs3QdEhYKhjzo1XjKVTVVRqWf2T4RhgWdDz1E70bZbmMf2d9c_O8fqxWHO8aw4M6ynw5qIypdjVDAnAOeqlEeE_8hyMxXSLwN4Pj_QhjNbi_QO7jwMGGraaUPnoihkKiW6yOBDAYS0a7WILIh7I8viKfReaQmDUNmgdiqP6QBlR4H2j-K4Z6oAyW-FqjnpFzCMRBBzmZ117tqGcJZLd0An2hRNGpb7YDEC9Oo1TQvxrT8TE3njJSrOjMgXX4rLzVsu2JB0XZ-qMlG5aUjMadm-A4_7xiS_BpFZb8IKXX7RC6G39iQifE8IuRXF1GMT4C_c7A
[root@master dashboard]# 

十一、安装部署Prometheus+grafana

安装Prometheus

[root@prometheus ~]# mkdir /prom
[root@prometheus ~]# cd /prom# 获取Prometheus安装包
[root@master prom]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.43.0/prometheus-2.43.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@prometheus /prom]# ls
prometheus-2.43.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz# 解压文件
[root@prometheus prom]# tar xf prometheus-2.43.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
[root@prometheus prom]# ls
prometheus-2.43.0.linux-amd64  prometheus-2.43.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@prometheus prom]# mv prometheus-2.43.0.linux-amd64 prometheus
[root@prometheus prom]# cd prometheus
[root@master prometheus]# ls
console_libraries  consoles  LICENSE  NOTICE  prometheus  prometheus.yml  promtool
# 修改PATH变量
[root@prometheus prometheus]# PATH=/prom/prometheus:$PATH
[root@prometheus prometheus]# vim /etc/profile
PATH=/prom/prometheus:$PATH # 加在最后
# 在后台运行
[root@prometheus prometheus]# nohup prometheus --config.file=/prom/prometheus/prometheus.yml  &# 查看Prometheus进程
[root@prometheus prometheus]# ps aux|grep prom
root       8197  1.4  2.1 798956 40900 pts/0    Sl   14:56   0:00 prometheus --config.file=/prom/prometheus/prometheus.yml
root       8204  0.0  0.0 112824   972 pts/0    S+   14:56   0:00 grep --color=auto prom# 查看Prometheus端口
[root@prometheus prometheus]# netstat -anplut | grep prom
tcp6       0      0 :::9090                 :::*                    LISTEN      8197/prometheus     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:9090                ::1:41618               ESTABLISHED 8197/prometheus     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:41618               ::1:9090                ESTABLISHED 8197/prometheus# 关闭防火墙
[root@prometheus prometheus]# service firewalld stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@prometheus prometheus]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.# 配置关于Prometheus服务的参数
[root@prometheus prometheus]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Monitoring System
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/prom/prometheus/prometheus \--config.file=/prom/prometheus/prometheus.yml \--storage.tsdb.path=/prom/prometheus/data \--web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=30s[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target# 关闭selinux
[root@prometheus prometheus]# setenforce 0
[root@prometheus prometheus]# sed -i '/^SELINUX=/ s/enforcing/disabled/'  /etc/selinux/config#创建专用用户并设置权限
# 创建用户（若不存在）
id prometheus || sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false prometheus
# 重置权限
sudo mkdir -p /prom/prometheus/data
sudo chown -R prometheus:prometheus /prom/prometheus
sudo chmod -R 775 /prom/prometheus# 重新加载systemd的配置文件
[root@prometheus prometheus]# systemctl daemon-reload#彻底清理旧进程
[root@prometheus prometheus]# ps aux|grep prom
root       8734  0.0  2.6 930284 48580 pts/0    Sl   17:55   0:00 prometheus --config.file=/prom/prometheus/prometheus.yml
[root@prometheus prometheus]# kill -9 8734
[root@prometheus prometheus]# service prometheus restart
# 用浏览器访问 IP:9090

在要被监听的机器上安装exporter

# 在被监听的机器上操作，这里我们选择master
[root@master ~]# tar xf node_exporter-1.4.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
[root@master ~]# mv node_exporter-1.4.0-rc.0.linux-amd64 /node_exporter
[root@master ~]# cd /node_exporter/
[root@master node_exporter]# ls
LICENSE  node_exporter  NOTICE# 修改环境变量
[root@master node_exporter]# PATH=/node_exporter/:$PATH
[root@master node_exporter]# vim /root/.bashrc 
PATH=/node_exporter/:$PATH# 在后台执行
[root@master node_exporter]# nohup node_exporter --web.listen-address 0.0.0.0:8090 &
[1] 4844
[root@master node_exporter]# nohup: 忽略输入并把输出追加到"nohup.out"# 检查进程
[root@master node_exporter]# ps aux |grep node_exporter
root      84412  0.0  0.3 716544 13104 pts/0    Sl   15:51   0:00 node_exporter --web.listen-address 0.0.0.0:8090
root      84846  0.0  0.0 112824   980 pts/0    S+   15:52   0:00 grep --color=auto node_exporter# 关闭防火墙
[root@prometheus /]# service firewalld stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@prometheus /]# systemctl disable  firewalld#关闭selinux：
setenforce 0
sed -i '/^SELINUX=/ s/enforcing/disabled/'  /etc/selinux/config浏览器访问：ip+8090# 设置node_exporter开机启动
[root@prometheus /]# vim /etc/rc.local 
nohup /node_exporter/node_exporter --web.listen-address 0.0.0.0:8090 &
[root@prometheus node_exporter]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local在Prometheus机器的/prom/prometheus/prometheus.yml 里添加机器- job_name: "prometheus"static_configs:- targets: ["localhost:9090"]- job_name: "master"static_configs:- targets: ["192.168.140.130:8090"]# 刷新Prometheus服务                      
[root@prometheus prometheus]# service prometheus restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart prometheus.service#访问 Prometheus --》IP:9090 然后在“Status” -> “Targets”中查看 Node Exporter 是否被列为“UP”状态

安装部署Grafana

[root@prometheus ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  grafana-enterprise-9.1.2-1.x86_64.rpm  node_exporter-1.4.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@prometheus ~]# yum install grafana-enterprise-9.1.2-1.x86_64.rpm  -y
启动
[root@prometheus ~]# service grafana-server start
Starting grafana-server (via systemctl):                   [  确定  ][root@prometheus ~]# ps aux|grep grafana
grafana    8230  6.6  3.8 1195912 71472 ?       Ssl  16:48   0:00 /usr/sbin/grafana-server --config=/etc/grafana/grafana.ini --pidfile=/var/run/grafana/grafana-server.pid --packaging=rpm cfg:default.paths.logs=/var/log/grafana cfg:default.paths.data=/var/lib/grafana cfg:default.paths.plugins=/var/lib/grafana/plugins cfg:default.paths.provisioning=/etc/grafana/provisioning
root       8238  0.0  0.0 112824   976 pts/0    R+   16:49   0:00 grep --color=auto grafana[root@prometheus ~]# netstat -anplut|grep grafana
tcp        0      0 192.168.121.108:44674   34.120.177.193:443      ESTABLISHED 8230/grafana-server 
tcp6       0      0 :::3000                 :::*                    LISTEN      8230/grafana-server# 浏览器访问 ip:3000
默认用户名:admin
默认密码:adminConfiguration --> Add data source -> 选择Prometheus
填 http://192.168.140.130:9090
dashboard -> import -> 添加模板 1860 -> 选择Prometheus数据源