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news 来源：原创 2025/7/27 20:36:24

构建单节点prometheus，部署node exporter和mongo exporter。构建kibana大盘。包含主机PU使用率，主机MEM使用率，主机网络包速度。mongo db大盘，包含节点在线状态，读操作延迟等

一、实验环境准备

- 节点信息：
- node0 (10.0.0.100)：Prometheus、Grafana、node exporter
- node1 (10.0.0.110)：node exporter
- node2 (10.0.0.120)：MongoDB、mongo exporter

二、

#1. 安装 Prometheus 和 Grafana

操作步骤：
#在 node0 上安装 Prometheus（官方二进制包）
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.53.3/prometheus-2.53.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf prometheus-2.53.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-2.53.3.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus
ln -s /opt/prometheus/prometheus /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /opt/prometheus/promtool /usr/local/bin/
#浏览器访问:
http://10.0.0.100:9090/
#创建service服务文件
tee /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Server
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus \--config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml \--storage.tsdb.path=/opt/prometheus/data
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID
Restart=on-failure[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF#重新加载 systemd 管理器配置
systemctl daemon-reload
#启动并设置开机自启
systemctl start prometheus
systemctl enable prometheus#安装 Grafana（官方仓库）
curl -fsSL https://apt.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/grafana.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana.gpg] https://apt.grafana.com stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
apt update && apt install -y grafana
systemctl enable --now grafana-server

#2. 安装 node exporter

脚本 `install_node_exporter.sh`：

#!/bin/bashNODE_EXPORTER_VERSION=1.9.0NODE_EXPORTER_FILE="node_exporter-${NODE_EXPORTER_VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
NODE_EXPORTER_URL=https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v${NODE_EXPORTER_VERSION}/${NODE_EXPORTER_FILE}
INSTALL_DIR=/usr/localHOST=`hostname -I|awk '{print $1}'`. /etc/os-releasemsg_error() {echo -e "\033[1;31m$1\033[0m"
}msg_info() {echo -e "\033[1;32m$1\033[0m"
}msg_warn() {echo -e "\033[1;33m$1\033[0m"
}color () {RES_COL=60MOVE_TO_COL="echo -en \\033[${RES_COL}G"SETCOLOR_SUCCESS="echo -en \\033[1;32m"SETCOLOR_FAILURE="echo -en \\033[1;31m"SETCOLOR_WARNING="echo -en \\033[1;33m"SETCOLOR_NORMAL="echo -en \E[0m"echo -n "$1" && $MOVE_TO_COLecho -n "["if [ $2 = "success" -o $2 = "0" ] ;then${SETCOLOR_SUCCESS}echo -n $"  OK  "    elif [ $2 = "failure" -o $2 = "1"  ] ;then ${SETCOLOR_FAILURE}echo -n $"FAILED"else${SETCOLOR_WARNING}echo -n $"WARNING"fi${SETCOLOR_NORMAL}echo -n "]"echo 
}install_node_exporter () {if [ ! -f  ${NODE_EXPORTER_FILE} ] ;thenwget ${NODE_EXPORTER_URL} ||  { color "下载失败!" 1 ; exit ; }fi[ -d $INSTALL_DIR ] || mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIRtar xf ${NODE_EXPORTER_FILE} -C $INSTALL_DIRcd $INSTALL_DIR &&  ln -s node_exporter-${NODE_EXPORTER_VERSION}.linux-amd64 node_exportermkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR/node_exporter/bincd $INSTALL_DIR/node_exporter &&  mv node_exporter bin/ id prometheus &> /dev/null || useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin prometheuschown -R prometheus.prometheus ${INSTALL_DIR}/node_exporter/cat >  /etc/profile.d/node_exporter.sh <<EOF
export NODE_EXPORTER_HOME=${INSTALL_DIR}/node_exporter
export PATH=\${NODE_EXPORTER_HOME}/bin:\$PATH
EOF}node_exporter_service () {cat > /lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Node Exporter
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=$INSTALL_DIR/node_exporter/bin/node_exporter
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID
Restart=on-failure
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOFsystemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable --now node_exporter.service
}start_node_exporter() { systemctl is-active node_exporter.serviceif [ $?  -eq 0 ];then  echo color "node_exporter 安装完成!" 0echo "-------------------------------------------------------------------"echo -e "访问链接: \c"msg_info "http://$HOST:9100/metrics" elsecolor "node_exporter 安装失败!" 1exitfi 
}install_node_exporternode_exporter_servicestart_node_exporter

部署命令：

#在 node0、node1、node2 上执行
bash install_node_exporter.sh
scp install_node_exporter.sh node1:/root
scp install_node_exporter.sh node2:/root
ssh node1 "bash install_node_exporter.sh"
ssh node2 "bash install_node_exporter.sh"

#3. 安装 MongoDB 和 mongo exporter

操作步骤：

#在 node2 上安装 MongoDB
curl -fsSL https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-8.0.asc | gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-8.0.gpg --dearmor
echo "deb [ arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-8.0.gpg ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/8.0 multiverse" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-8.0.list
apt update && apt install -y mongodb-org
systemctl enable --now mongod
#配置 MongoDB 认证
mongosh admin --eval 'db.createUser({ user: "admin", pwd: "123456", roles: [ { role: "root", db: "admin" } ] })'
sed -i '/^security:/a\  authorization: enabled' /etc/mongod.conf
systemctl restart mongod
#安装 mongo exporter
wget https://github.com/percona/mongodb_exporter/releases/download/v0.43.1/mongodb_exporter-0.43.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf mongodb_exporter-0.43.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv mongodb_exporter-0.43.1.linux-amd64 /opt/mongodb_exporter
chown -R prometheus.prometheus /opt/mongodb_exporter
#创建服务文件
cat > /lib/systemd/system/mongodb_exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Exporter
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/opt/mongodb_exporter/mongodb_exporter --mongodb.uri=admin:123456@localhost:27017
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Restart=on-failure[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOFsystemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now mongodb_exporter.service

#4. 配置 Prometheus 抓取规则

#修改 Prometheus 配置文件
vim /opt/prometheus/prometheus.ymlscrape_configs:- job_name: 'node'static_configs:- targets: ['10.0.0.100:9100', '10.0.0.110:9100', '10.0.0.120:9100']- job_name: 'mongodb'static_configs:- targets: ['10.0.0.120:9216']
#检查配置文件语法
promtool check config /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml
#重启 Prometheus
systemctl restart prometheus

#5. 配置 Grafana 仪表盘

1. 登录 Grafana：
http://10.0.0.100:3000 （默认账号/密码：admin/admin）（新密码123456）

2. 添加 Prometheus 数据源：
- 名称：Prometheus
- URL：`http://10.0.0.100:9090`

3. 导入仪表盘：
- Node Exporter 仪表盘（ID: 1860）：
导入 ID 1860，包含 CPU、内存、网络指标。

- MongoDB 仪表盘（ID: 13387）：
导入 ID 13387，包含节点状态、读写延迟等指标。

4. 自定义配置：

   - 网络包速度：rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!~"lo|tun.*"}[5m])rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device!~"lo|tun.*"}[5m])- MongoDB 读延迟：mongodb_cmd_duration_seconds_count{operation="find"}