RK3588V2--ES8388声卡适配记录

1. ES8388声卡简单介绍

Es8388有 2 个 ADC 通道和 2 个 DAC 通道，麦克风放大器，耳机放大器，数字音效以及模拟混合和增益功能组成。
主要特点：

1. I2S 接口，支持最高 192K,24bit 音频播放。
2. DAC 信噪比 96dB；ADC 信噪比 95dB。
3. 支持主机和从机模式。
4. 支持立体声差分输入/麦克风输入。
5. 支持左右声道音量独立调节。
6. 支持 40mW 耳机输出，无爆音。

通过原理图可以看出， MIC 和双路耳机都与ES8388这颗音频编解码芯片连接. 该芯片使用的通信协议是I2S与 SOC 驱动进行通信. 观察多个原理图基本可以得知, 配置这两个外设主要就是配置ES8388这颗芯片中的引脚, 其中的I2C应该是用于配置ES8388这个声卡内部积存的，但是今天主要是给他bringup起来的，不是来配置它的。

总的来说其实需要配置的设备树节点就三个:ES8388, I2S0和I2C7.

2. 适配过程

2.1 设备树配置

其中需要的设备树各个配置如下：

es8388_sound: es8388-sound {status = "okay";compatible = "rockchip,multicodecs-card";rockchip,card-name = "rockchip,es8388";hp-det-gpio = <&gpio1 RK_PD3 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;io-channels = <&saradc 3>;io-channel-names = "adc-detect";keyup-threshold-microvolt = <1800000>;poll-interval = <100>;spk-con-gpio = <&gpio3 RK_PC0 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;hp-con-gpio = <&gpio3 RK_PA7 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;rockchip,format = "i2s";rockchip,mclk-fs = <256>;rockchip,cpu = <&i2s0_8ch>;rockchip,codec = <&es8388>;rockchip,audio-routing ="Headphone", "LOUT1","Headphone", "ROUT1","Speaker", "LOUT2","Speaker", "ROUT2","Headphone", "Headphone Power","Headphone", "Headphone Power","Speaker", "Speaker Power","Speaker", "Speaker Power","LINPUT1", "Main Mic","LINPUT2", "Main Mic","RINPUT1", "Headset Mic","RINPUT2", "Headset Mic";pinctrl-names = "default";pinctrl-0 = <&hp_det>;play-pause-key {label = "playpause";linux,code = <KEY_PLAYPAUSE>;press-threshold-microvolt = <2000>;};};

注意其中的clocks和assigned-clocks属性, 用于为es8388设备配置时钟源. 其中 &cru 是时钟控制单元 (Clock & Reset Unit)的设备树节点, 这里表示I2S0_8CH_MCLKOUT 由cru提供. assigned-clocks = <&cru I2S0_8CH_MCLKOUT>;用于分配时钟, 表示想为I2S0_8CH_MCLKOUT设定一个固定的时钟频率. 所以仅仅通过clocks获取时钟还不够, 该属性作用是确保始终在设备初始化时被正确配置. 具体时钟频率由assigned-clock-rates属性确定, 在这里是12288000.

&i2c7 {status = "okay";es8388: es8388@11 {status = "okay";#sound-dai-cells = <0>;compatible = "everest,es8388", "everest,es8323";reg = <0x11>;clocks = <&mclkout_i2s0>;clock-names = "mclk";assigned-clocks = <&mclkout_i2s0>;assigned-clock-rates = <12288000>;pinctrl-names = "default";pinctrl-0 = <&i2s0_mclk>;};
};

&i2s0_8ch {status = "okay";pinctrl-0 = <&i2s0_lrck&i2s0_sclk&i2s0_sdi0&i2s0_sdo0>;
};

参考上述设备树修改自己的设备树文件, 注意修改的时候将需要进行复用功能冲突的节点记录一下，防止因为引脚复用问题查来查去，别问我为什么这么做，说多了都是泪 。。。:

1. gpio1_ d3 -- 无冲突
2. gpio3_ a7 -- 无冲突
3. gpio1_c2 -- 无冲突
4. i2c7 一对复用引脚: gpio1_d0, gpio1_d1 与 UART6 冲突, 失能 UART6, 如有子节点可尝试切换复用引脚.

3. 问题分析与解决

3.1 现声卡平台设备, 最终注册失败

调试信息发生变化:

# 修改配置之前:
[   10.997280] ES8323 3-0011: i2c recv Failed# 修改配置之后:
[    9.914426] input: headset-keys as /devices/platform/es8388-sound/input/input1
[   10.017544] rk3x-i2c fec90000.i2c: timeout, ipd: 0x91, state: 3
[   10.017614] ES8323 7-0011: ASoC: error at soc_component_write_no_lock on ES8323.7-0011: -110
[   10.030891] mmc_host mmc2: Bus speed (slot 0) = 400000Hz (slot req 400000Hz, actual 400000HZ div = 0)
[   10.052863] ES8323 7-0011: ASoC: error at soc_component_write_no_lock on ES8323.7-0011: -6
[   10.052876] ES8323 7-0011: Failed to issue reset
[   10.052885] ES8323 7-0011: ASoC: error at snd_soc_component_probe on ES8323.7-0011: -6
[   10.052890] ES8323 7-0011: ASoC: failed to probe component -6
[   10.052932] rk-multicodecs es8388-sound: ASoC: failed to instantiate card -6
[   10.053015] rk-multicodecs es8388-sound: card register failed -6

怀疑是设备树中的一些引脚复用冲突? 或者同一个时钟源不能被多个设备共同使用?
从调试信息中看, 原因似乎是设备复位失败 (即复位引脚出错) 和 I2C 通信超时 (I2C 引脚配置问题.). 不排除 I2C 通信频率太高以及没有上拉电压导致.

3.2 系统查看 I2C 设备

看看是不是一些引脚需要显示配置为gpio功能或者其他功能.
同时可以看到内核已经正确识别该设备地址:

root@LPA3588:/sys/bus/i2c/devices# ls
0-0042  2-0010  2-0042  3-0036  6-0022  7-0011  i2c-10  i2c-3  i2c-7  i2c-9
0-0043  2-0036  3-0010  6-0001  6-0051  i2c-0   i2c-2   i2c-6  i2c-8

所以 i2c 本身没有问题, 主要是无法正常通信, 如果要继续测试 I2C7 的通信, 因为目前 USB 和网口都无法使用, 所以之后的 ubuntu 系统中需要自带i2c-tools软件包（没有需要手动编译或者apt下载）

3.3 怀疑是没有上拉电阻？

I2C本来就不是啥高速信号，一般信号稳定性说实话还挺难受影响的。。。
观察原理图可以发现：

我的的I2C7_SCL没有配置上拉电阻哦。

这边使用万用表进行电压测试: I2C7_SCL_M0_CODEC处电压为 0.78, 可能没有达到 I2C 要求的上拉电压标准值 (观察其他原理图似乎是 1.8V). 因为我们的板子也没有外部硬件上拉, 所以设备树中配置为内部上拉, 开启内部默认上拉后再进行测试(如果测试成功, 需要注意其他 I2C 接口也需要同样进行配置, 估计很多都无外部硬件上拉)：

调试信息变化:
[    9.816718] input: headset-keys as /devices/platform/es8388-sound/input/input1
[    9.828514] ES8323 7-0011: ASoC: error at soc_component_write_no_lock on ES8323.7-0011: -5
[    9.838541] mmc0: SDHCI controller on fe2e0000.mmc [fe2e0000.mmc] using ADMA
[    9.877034] mmc0: new HS400 Enhanced strobe MMC card at address 0001
[    9.877572] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 A3A561 57.6 GiB 
[    9.877706] mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 A3A561 partition 1 4.00 MiB
[    9.877825] mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 A3A561 partition 2 4.00 MiB
[    9.877903] mmcblk0rpmb: mmc0:0001 A3A561 partition 3 16.0 MiB, chardev (237:0)
[    9.878718] input: rockchip,es8388 Headset as /devices/platform/es8388-sound/sound/card0/input2
# 系统内部信息
root@LPA3588:/dev/snd# ls
by-path  controlC0  pcmC0D0c  pcmC0D0p  seq  timer
root@LPA3588:/dev/snd# cd by-path/
root@LPA3588:/dev/snd/by-path# ls
platform-es8388-sound
root@LPA3588:/dev/snd/by-path# ls
platform-es8388-sound
root@LPA3588:/dev/snd/by-path# cd /proc/asound/cards
-bash: cd: /proc/asound/cards: Not a directory
root@LPA3588:/dev/snd/by-path# cd /proc/asound/card
-bash: cd: /proc/asound/card: No such file or directory
root@LPA3588:/dev/snd/by-path# cd /proc/asound/
root@LPA3588:/proc/asound# ls
card0  cards  devices  hwdep  pcm  rockchipes8388  seq  timers  version
root@LPA3588:/proc/asound# cat cards0 [rockchipes8388 ]: rockchip_es8388 - rockchip,es8388rockchip,es8388
root@LPA3588:/proc/asound# arecord -l
**** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices ****
card 0: rockchipes8388 [rockchip,es8388], device 0: dailink-multicodecs ES8323.7-0011-0 [dailink-multicodecs ES8323.7-0011-0]Subdevices: 1/1Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

4. 测试阶段

4.1 耳机接口测试–OK

系统播放音频，耳机可以听到声音，说明声卡使用没什么问题。

4.2 MIC测试–无法使用

这边使用板载MIC进行录音测试，再使用耳机是无法听到任何声音的。使用16进制工具分析录音文件。

# 录音5S
arecord -D hw:0,0 -f cd -d 5 test-mic.wav
# 查看16进制变化
root@LPA3588:~# hexdump -C test-mic.wav | head -n 50
00000000  52 49 46 46 74 75 0d 00  57 41 56 45 66 6d 74 20  |RIFFtu..WAVEfmt |
00000010  10 00 00 00 01 00 02 00  44 ac 00 00 10 b1 02 00  |........D.......|
00000020  04 00 10 00 64 61 74 61  50 75 0d 00 ff ff ff ff  |....dataPu......|
00000030  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  |................|
*
00003460  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff 09 00  |................|
00003470  02 00 02 00 0a 00 0a 00  05 00 05 00 07 00 07 00  |................|
00003480  06 00 06 00 fe ff fe ff  03 00 03 00 09 00 09 00  |................|
00003490  04 00 04 00 05 00 05 00  05 00 05 00 07 00 07 00  |................|
000034a0  02 00 02 00 04 00 04 00  07 00 07 00 0f 00 0f 00  |................|
000034b0  0c 00 0c 00 0a 00 0a 00  07 00 07 00 08 00 08 00  |................|
000034c0  0b 00 0b 00 0f 00 0f 00  0c 00 0c 00 05 00 05 00  |................|
000034d0  03 00 03 00 04 00 04 00  06 00 06 00 08 00 08 00  |................|
000034e0  08 00 08 00 02 00 02 00  07 00 07 00 08 00 08 00  |................|
000034f0  fe ff fe ff 0b 00 0b 00  08 00 08 00 0a 00 0a 00  |................|
00003500  12 00 12 00 05 00 05 00  04 00 04 00 ff ff ff ff  |................|
00003510  04 00 04 00 05 00 05 00  03 00 03 00 05 00 05 00  |................|
00003520  05 00 05 00 06 00 06 00  06 00 06 00 ff ff ff ff  |................|
00003530  01 00 01 00 03 00 03 00  06 00 06 00 04 00 04 00  |................|
00003540  0d 00 0d 00 03 00 03 00  09 00 09 00 08 00 08 00  |................|
00003550  0a 00 0a 00 0a 00 0a 00  08 00 08 00 07 00 07 00  |................|
00003560  04 00 04 00 07 00 07 00  05 00 05 00 06 00 06 00  |................|
00003570  03 00 03 00 0a 00 0a 00  f9 ff f9 ff fe ff fe ff  |................|
00003580  05 00 05 00 09 00 09 00  05 00 05 00 04 00 04 00  |................|
00003590  03 00 03 00 03 00 03 00  03 00 03 00 02 00 02 00  |................|
000035a0  0d 00 0d 00 0a 00 0a 00  09 00 09 00 04 00 04 00  |................|
000035b0  fd ff fd ff fe ff fe ff  06 00 06 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000035c0  08 00 08 00 00 00 00 00  fe ff fe ff fc ff fc ff  |................|
000035d0  fd ff fd ff 06 00 06 00  07 00 07 00 07 00 07 00  |................|
000035e0  03 00 03 00 fd ff fd ff  ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00  |................|
000035f0  0a 00 0a 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 01 00 02 00 02 00  |................|
00003600  05 00 05 00 00 00 00 00  02 00 02 00 03 00 03 00  |................|
00003610  00 00 00 00 fc ff fc ff  fe ff fe ff 06 00 06 00  |................|
00003620  00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00  04 00 04 00 04 00 04 00  |................|
00003630  05 00 05 00 04 00 04 00  04 00 04 00 01 00 01 00  |................|
00003640  02 00 02 00 0c 00 0c 00  08 00 08 00 04 00 04 00  |................|
00003650  08 00 08 00 06 00 06 00  fb ff fb ff 01 00 01 00  |................|
00003660  02 00 02 00 02 00 02 00  01 00 01 00 fe ff fe ff  |................|
00003670  fd ff fd ff 02 00 02 00  02 00 02 00 03 00 03 00  |................|
00003680  06 00 06 00 05 00 05 00  0b 00 0b 00 04 00 04 00  |................|
00003690  fd ff fd ff 04 00 04 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00  |................|
000036a0  01 00 01 00 ff ff ff ff  00 00 00 00 04 00 04 00  |................|
000036b0  03 00 03 00 06 00 06 00  05 00 05 00 05 00 05 00  |................|
000036c0  03 00 03 00 ff ff ff ff  05 00 05 00 08 00 08 00  |................|
000036d0  01 00 01 00 08 00 08 00  04 00 04 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000036e0  06 00 06 00 0b 00 0b 00  06 00 06 00 02 00 02 00  |................|
000036f0  04 00 04 00 01 00 01 00  04 00 04 00 03 00 03 00  |................|
00003700  07 00 07 00 0c 00 0c 00  08 00 08 00 0c 00 0c 00  |................|
00003710  04 00 04 00 0b 00 0b 00  02 00 02 00 04 00 04 00  |................|
00003720  01 00 01 00 06 00 06 00  05 00 05 00 04 00 04 00  |................|

可以看到内部的数据处于一直变化阶段, 但是为何没有听到任何声音呢？

系统指令查看外部耳机MIC设备：

# 查看系统文件
root@LPA3588:/sys/class/extcon/extcon6
cat state
MICROPHONE=0
HEADPHONE=1

是因为没有检测到MIC吗？其实不然，这里的MIC其实连接在ES8388声卡上，MIC不像是耳机还带有耳机DET引脚，这种纯后端设备系统其实是无法检测到的，检测到声卡一般就可以使用。

5. 分析总结

ES8388 移植基本成功，但是出现板载 MIC无法使用的问题，最终硬件工程师发现由于其过度追求封装，导致物料选择错误，将 MIC 与声卡连接的电容大小选错了，可能是这个原因导致录音文件似乎有变化但是没有声音。