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云计算架构学习之LNMP架构部署、架构拆分、负载均衡-会话保持

news 来源：原创 2025/5/20 12:40:14

一.LNMP架构部署

1.1. LNMP服务搭建

1.磁盘信息
2.内存
3.负载信息
4.Nginx你们公司都用来干嘛
5.文件句柄(文件描述符打开文件最大数量)
6.你处理过系统中的漏洞吗 SSH漏洞
7.你写过什么shell脚本
8.监控通过什么告警 zabbix
具体监控哪些内容
9.mysql redis查询
你好HR我这边面完了,但是面试官啥技术都没问题.我也不知道是啥问题。要不您这边先沟通一下,有什么问题您给我联系。

1.2. 测试PHP和mysql说起来的连通性

```bash
#需要再php的配置文件中写入数据库的IP+端口+用户名+密码可以测试是否连接数据库
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat /code/mysql.php
<?php
    $servername = "localhost";
    $username = "root";
    $password = "lzy123.com";

    // 创建连接
    $conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);

    // 检测连接
    if (!$conn) {
        die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
    }
    echo "小哥哥,php可以连接MySQL...";
?>

<img style='width:100%;height:100%;' src=/31.png>
#注意苍姐姐需要自己准备

浏览器访问:
php.oldboy.com/mysql.php
```

1.3. 安装部署wordpress流程

``bash 1.创建nginx配置文件 [root@web01 conf.d]# cp php.conf wp.conf [root@web01 conf.d]# cat wp.conf server { listen 80; server_name www.wp.com; root /code/wordpress;

    location / {index index.php index.html;}location ~ \.php$ {fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;include fastcgi_params;}

}

2.测试nginx [root@web01 conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

3.重启生效 [root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx

4.创建代码目录 [root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code/wordpress

5.下载wordpress代码 [root@web01 conf.d]# cd /code/wordpress/ [root@web01 wordpress]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-5.0.3-zhCN.tar.gz [root@web01 wordpress]# tar xf wordpress-5.0.3-zhCN.tar.gz

6.解压代码 [root@web01 wordpress]# tar xf wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz [root@web01 wordpress]# mv wordpress/* .

7.hosts解析 10.0.0.7 www.wp.com 浏览器访问业务 ```

vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

1.4. 安装部署知乎业务

``bash 1.配置Nginx [root@web01 conf.d]# cat zh.conf server { listen 80; server_name www.zh.com; root /code/zh;

    location / {index index.php index.html;}location ~ \.php$ {fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;include fastcgi_params;}

}

[root@web01 conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx

2.创建代码目录 [root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code/zh [root@web01 conf.d]# cd /code/zh

3.上传代码 [root@web01 zh]# ll total 24648 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25238972 Aug 7 09:28 WeCenterV3.6.2.zip [root@web01 zh]# unzip WeCenterV3.6.2.zip 4.解压代码 [root@web01 zh]# chown -R www.www ../zh

5.安装部署 windows-hosts解析 10.0.0.7 www.zh.com

```

二.架构拆分

2.1 LNMP架构拆分

```bash
Nginx请求动态数据的流程
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat wp.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.wp.com;
root /code/wordpress;

location / {
index index.php index.html;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
用户请求www.wp.com/ 则location /匹配返回index.php给浏览器
浏览器重新发起请求www.wp.com/index.php,正好匹配到第二个location 转发给PHP服务进行解析

2.2 数据库拆分流程

![image-20241211090739833](day35-%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84%E6%8B%86%E5%88%86.assets/image-20241211090739833.png)

```bash
1.准备51服务器,安装mysql服务
[root@db01 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

2.启动数据库
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl start mariadb

3.web01导出数据库所有数据
[root@web01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -plzy123.com -A > all.sql
检查导出的库是否正确
vim all.sql  # 搜索下你发布的博文是否在sql语句

4.将all.sql拷贝到51服务器
[root@web01 ~]# scp all.sql 10.0.0.51:/root/

5.db51服务器将all.sql导入数据库
[root@db01 ~]# ll
total 2180
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2232120 Dec 11 09:23 all.sql
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot < all.sql
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

查看数据库信息
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -plzy123.com
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.3.39-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| wordpress          |
| zh                 |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.001 sec)

6.数据库为了安全,禁止root远程连接.必须使用普通账号进行远程连接
测试root远程连接
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -h172.16.1.51 -uroot -plzy123.com
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '172.16.1.7' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server

# 授权lzy普通账号密码为lzy123.com 管理所有库和所有的表
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -plzy123.com
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on  *.* to lzy@'%' identified by 'lzy123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

测试lzy普通账号远程连接
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -h 172.16.1.51 -ulzy -plzy123.com

7.直接修改业务代码的数据信息指向到10.0.0.51
[root@web01 wordpress]# grep -r 'lzy123.com' ./*
./wp-config.php:define('DB_PASSWORD', 'lzy123.com');

#修改连接信息主机信息172.16.1.51 远程连接用户 lzy 而不能使用root
[root@web01 wordpress]# grep -C6 'DB_USER' wp-config.php

// ** MySQL 设置 - 具体信息来自您正在使用的主机 ** //
/** WordPress数据库的名称 */
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');

/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define('DB_USER', 'lzy');

/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'lzy123.com');

/** MySQL主机 */
define('DB_HOST', '172.16.1.51');

8.停止web01的数据库
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl disable mariadb

2.3 静态数据共享

```bash
1.安装nfs服务
yum -y install nfs-utils
2.配置nfs服务
vim /etc/exports
/data/wp 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)
创建目录和用户
groupadd -g666 www
useradd -u666 -g666 -M -s /sbin/nologin www
mkdir /code/wp -p
chown www.www /data/wp

3.启动nfs服务
systemctl start nfs
systemctl enable nfs

4.将完整的图片拷贝到31服务器
[root@web02 ~]# scp -r /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/* 10.0.0.31:/data/wp/

web服务器挂载nfs
web01:
[root@web01 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/wp /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/
[root@web01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 459M 0 459M 0% /dev
tmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 475M 43M 432M 9% /run
tmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 48G 4.3G 44G 9% /
tmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /tmp
/dev/sda1 195M 122M 74M 63% /boot
tmpfs 95M 0 95M 0% /run/user/0
172.16.1.31:/data/wp 48G 3.8G 45G 8% /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads
加入开机自动挂载

WEB02:
[root@web02 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/wp /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/
[root@web02 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 459M 0 459M 0% /dev
tmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 475M 6.8M 468M 2% /run
tmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 48G 4.1G 44G 9% /
tmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /tmp
/dev/sda1 195M 122M 74M 63% /boot
tmpfs 95M 0 95M 0% /run/user/0
172.16.1.31:/data/wp 48G 3.8G 45G 8% /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads
加入开机自动挂载

```

2.4 代理介绍

2.5 代理服务器配置

```bash
1.配置仓库
[root@lb01 ~]# scp 10.0.0.7:/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
2.安装nginx
[root@lb01 ~]# yum -y install nginx

3.配置代理
[root@lb01 conf.d]# vim lb.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.wp.com;

location / {
proxy_pass http://10.0.0.7;
}
}
[root@lb01 conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx

4.windowshosts指向到10.0.0.5
10.0.0.5 www.wp.com
```

2.6 配置负载均衡

```bash
[root@lb01 nginx]# vim conf.d/lb.conf
upstream webs {
        server 172.16.1.7;
        server 172.16.1.8;
}
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.wp.com;

        location / {
        proxy_pass http://webs;
        include proxy_params;
        }
}

[root@lb01 nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb01 nginx]# systemctl restart nginx

```bash
[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat lb.conf
upstream webs {
   server 172.16.1.7;
   server 172.16.1.8;
}
server {
   listen 80;
   server_name www.wp.com;

   location / {
   proxy_pass http://webs;
   include proxy_params;
   }
}

server {
   listen 80;
   server_name www.test.com;
   location / {
   proxy_pass http://webs;
   include proxy_params;
   }
}
[root@lb01 conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx

web01配置静态页面
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;

   location / {
   root /code/test;
   index index.html;
   }
}
[root@web01 conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
snginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code/test
[root@web01 conf.d]# echo web01..... > /code/test/index.html