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MySQL MCP 使用案例

news 来源：原创 2025/6/17 23:30:07

## 概述

MySQL MCP（MySQL Multi-Channel Protocol）是MySQL的多通道协议实现，提供了高效的数据库连接池和负载均衡功能。本文档将介绍MySQL MCP的基本使用方法和常见案例。

## 环境准备

### 安装MySQL MCP

```bash

pip install mysql-mcp

```

### 基本配置

创建配置文件 `mcp_config.json`:

```json

{

"master": {

"host": "主数据库IP",

"port": 3306,

"user": "用户名",

"password": "密码",

"database": "数据库名"

"slaves": [

{

"host": "从数据库1IP",

"port": 3306,

"user": "用户名",

"password": "密码",

"database": "数据库名"

{

"host": "从数据库2IP",

"port": 3306,

"user": "用户名",

"password": "密码",

"database": "数据库名"

}

"connection_pool": {

"min_connections": 5,

"max_connections": 20,

"idle_timeout": 300

}

```

## 基本使用案例

### 案例1: 连接数据库

```python

from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool

# 初始化连接池

pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")

# 获取连接

connection = pool.get_connection()

try:

# 使用连接

with connection.cursor() as cursor:

cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")

version = cursor.fetchone()

print(f"数据库版本: {version[0]}")

finally:

# 归还连接到连接池

connection.close()

```

### 案例2: 读写分离

```python

from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool

pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")

# 写操作 - 使用主库

def insert_data(name, age):

connection = pool.get_master_connection()

try:

with connection.cursor() as cursor:

sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)"

cursor.execute(sql, (name, age))

connection.commit()

finally:

connection.close()

# 读操作 - 使用从库

def get_user(user_id):

connection = pool.get_slave_connection()

try:

with connection.cursor() as cursor:

sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = %s"

cursor.execute(sql, (user_id,))

return cursor.fetchone()

finally:

connection.close()

# 使用示例

insert_data("张三", 25)

user = get_user(1)

print(user)

```

### 案例3: 事务处理

```python

from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool

pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")

def transfer_money(from_account, to_account, amount):

connection = pool.get_master_connection()

try:

connection.begin()

with connection.cursor() as cursor:

# 检查余额

cursor.execute("SELECT balance FROM accounts WHERE id = %s FOR UPDATE", (from_account,))

from_balance = cursor.fetchone()[0]

if from_balance < amount:

raise Exception("余额不足")

# 更新转出账户

cursor.execute("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - %s WHERE id = %s",

(amount, from_account))

# 更新转入账户

cursor.execute("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + %s WHERE id = %s",

(amount, to_account))

connection.commit()

return True

except Exception as e:

connection.rollback()

print(f"转账失败: {e}")

return False

finally:

connection.close()

```

### 案例4: 批量操作

```python

from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool

pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")

def batch_insert(users):

connection = pool.get_master_connection()

try:

with connection.cursor() as cursor:

sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, age, email) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)"

cursor.executemany(sql, users)

connection.commit()

print(f"成功插入 {len(users)} 条记录")

finally:

connection.close()

# 批量插入示例

users_data = [

("李四", 30, "lisi@example.com"),

("王五", 25, "wangwu@example.com"),

("赵六", 35, "zhaoliu@example.com")

]

batch_insert(users_data)

```

### 案例5: 连接池监控

```python

from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool

pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")

# 获取连接池状态

def get_pool_status():

status = pool.get_status()

print(f"总连接数: {status['total_connections']}")

print(f"活跃连接数: {status['active_connections']}")

print(f"空闲连接数: {status['idle_connections']}")

print(f"等待连接数: {status['waiting_connections']}")

return status

# 使用示例

get_pool_status()

```

## 高级用法

### 自定义负载均衡策略

```python

from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool, LoadBalancer

class CustomLoadBalancer(LoadBalancer):

def select_slave(self, slaves):

# 自定义选择从库的逻辑

# 例如: 根据从库的响应时间来选择

return min(slaves, key=lambda slave: slave.response_time)

# 使用自定义负载均衡器

pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json", load_balancer=CustomLoadBalancer())

```

### 故障转移处理

```python

from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool, FailoverStrategy

# 配置故障转移策略

config = {

"failover": {

"retry_attempts": 3,

"retry_delay": 1,

"auto_reconnect": True

}

pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json", failover_strategy=FailoverStrategy(**config["failover"]))

# 带有故障转移的查询

def query_with_failover(sql, params=None):

retries = 0

while retries < 3:

try:

connection = pool.get_connection()

try:

with connection.cursor() as cursor:

cursor.execute(sql, params)

return cursor.fetchall()

finally:

connection.close()

except Exception as e:

retries += 1

if retries >= 3:

raise Exception(f"查询失败，已重试3次: {e}")

print(f"查询失败，正在重试 ({retries}/3)")

```

## 性能优化建议

1. **合理设置连接池大小**：根据服务器性能和负载情况调整最小和最大连接数。

2. **监控连接使用情况**：定期检查连接池状态，避免连接泄漏。

3. **设置合理的超时时间**：防止长时间未使用的连接占用资源。

4. **使用预编译语句**：对于频繁执行的SQL语句，使用预编译语句可以提高性能。

## 总结

MySQL MCP提供了高效的数据库连接池管理和读写分离功能，通过以上案例可以看出，使用MySQL MCP可以显著提高数据库操作的性能和稳定性。在实际应用中，可以根据具体需求进行配置和优化，以达到最佳的使用效果。

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