python编写一段爱心代码

 代码编写

1. 导入模块和常量定义

python

import random
from math import sin, cos, pi, log
from tkinter import *CANVAS_WIDTH = 640  # 画布的宽
CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480  # 画布的高
CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2  # 画布中心的X轴坐标
CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2  # 画布中心的Y轴坐标
IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11  # 放大比例
HEART_COLOR = "#ff2121"  # 心的颜色，这个是中国红

• 功能：导入了所需的模块，包含用于生成随机数的 random 模块、用于数学运算的 math 模块以及用于创建图形用户界面的 tkinter 模块。同时，定义了画布的尺寸、中心坐标、爱心的放大比例以及颜色。

2. 爱心函数 heart_function

python

def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE):"""“爱心函数生成器”:param shrink_ratio: 放大比例:param t: 参数:return: 坐标"""# 基础函数x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3)y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t))# 放大x *= shrink_ratioy *= shrink_ratio# 移到画布中央x += CANVAS_CENTER_Xy += CANVAS_CENTER_Yreturn int(x), int(y)

• 功能：依据参数 t 来计算爱心曲线上的点的坐标。先运用数学公式算出基础坐标，接着对坐标进行放大，最后将其移动到画布的中心位置。

3. 随机内部扩散函数 scatter_inside

python

def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15):"""随机内部扩散:param x: 原x:param y: 原y:param beta: 强度:return: 新坐标"""ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random())ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random())dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)return x - dx, y - dy

• 功能：让爱心内部的点随机扩散。通过对数函数生成随机比例，进而计算坐标的偏移量。

4. 抖动函数 shrink

python

def shrink(x, y, ratio):"""抖动:param x: 原x:param y: 原y:param ratio: 比例:return: 新坐标"""force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6)  # 这个参数...dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)return x - dx, y - dy

• 功能：使点产生抖动效果。按照点到画布中心的距离计算一个力，再根据这个力和给定的比例计算坐标的偏移量。

5. 自定义曲线函数 curve

python

def curve(p):"""自定义曲线函数，调整跳动周期:param p: 参数:return: 正弦"""# 可以尝试换其他的动态函数，达到更有力量的效果（贝塞尔？）return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi)

• 功能：自定义曲线函数，用于调整爱心跳动的周期。借助正弦函数生成一个周期性的数值。

6. 爱心类 Heart

python

class Heart:"""爱心类"""def __init__(self, generate_frame=20):self._points = set()  # 原始爱心坐标集合self._edge_diffusion_points = set()  # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合self._center_diffusion_points = set()  # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合self.all_points = {}  # 每帧动态点坐标self.build(2000)self.random_halo = 1000self.generate_frame = generate_framefor frame in range(generate_frame):self.calc(frame)def build(self, number):# 爱心for _ in range(number):t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi)  # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口x, y = heart_function(t)self._points.add((x, y))# 爱心内扩散for _x, _y in list(self._points):for _ in range(3):x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05)self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y))# 爱心内再次扩散point_list = list(self._points)for _ in range(4000):x, y = random.choice(point_list)x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17)self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y))@staticmethoddef calc_position(x, y, ratio):# 调整缩放比例force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520)  # 魔法参数dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1)dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1)return x - dx, y - dydef calc(self, generate_frame):ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)  # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)))halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2))all_points = []# 光环heart_halo_point = set()  # 光环的点坐标集合for _ in range(halo_number):t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi)  # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6)  # 魔法参数x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius)if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point:# 处理新的点heart_halo_point.add((x, y))x += random.randint(-14, 14)y += random.randint(-14, 14)size = random.choice((1, 2, 2))all_points.append((x, y, size))# 轮廓for x, y in self._points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 3)all_points.append((x, y, size))# 内容for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 2)all_points.append((x, y, size))for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 2)all_points.append((x, y, size))self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_pointsdef render(self, render_canvas, render_frame):for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]:render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR)

• 功能：这是一个表示爱心的类，具备以下方法：
  • __init__：类的构造函数，对爱心的各种点集合进行初始化，调用 build 方法构建爱心，并且计算每帧的动态点坐标。
  • build：构建爱心的点集合，涵盖原始爱心点、边缘扩散点和中心扩散点。
  • calc_position：静态方法，用于调整点的缩放比例。
  • calc：计算每帧的动态点坐标，包含光环、轮廓和内部的点。
  • render：在画布上绘制当前帧的爱心。

7. 绘制函数 draw

python

def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0):render_canvas.delete('all')render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame)main.after(160, draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1)

• 功能：递归绘制爱心的每一帧。先清除画布上的所有内容，然后绘制当前帧的爱心，最后使用 after 方法在 160 毫秒后调用自身绘制下一帧。

8. 主程序

python

if __name__ == '__main__':root = Tk()  # 一个Tkcanvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH)canvas.pack()heart = Heart()  # 心draw(root, canvas, heart)  # 开始画画~root.mainloop()

• 功能：创建 Tk 窗口和画布，实例化 Heart 类，调用 draw 函数开始绘制爱心，最后进入主事件循环。

完整代码

import random
from math import sin, cos, pi, log
from tkinter import *CANVAS_WIDTH = 640  # 画布的宽
CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480  # 画布的高
CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2  # 画布中心的X轴坐标
CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2  # 画布中心的Y轴坐标
IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11  # 放大比例
HEART_COLOR = "#ff2121"  # 心的颜色，这个是中国红def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE):"""“爱心函数生成器”:param shrink_ratio: 放大比例:param t: 参数:return: 坐标"""# 基础函数x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3)y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t))# 放大x *= shrink_ratioy *= shrink_ratio# 移到画布中央x += CANVAS_CENTER_Xy += CANVAS_CENTER_Yreturn int(x), int(y)def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15):"""随机内部扩散:param x: 原x:param y: 原y:param beta: 强度:return: 新坐标"""ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random())ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random())dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)return x - dx, y - dydef shrink(x, y, ratio):"""抖动:param x: 原x:param y: 原y:param ratio: 比例:return: 新坐标"""force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6)  # 这个参数...dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)return x - dx, y - dydef curve(p):"""自定义曲线函数，调整跳动周期:param p: 参数:return: 正弦"""# 可以尝试换其他的动态函数，达到更有力量的效果（贝塞尔？）return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi)class Heart:"""爱心类"""def __init__(self, generate_frame=20):self._points = set()  # 原始爱心坐标集合self._edge_diffusion_points = set()  # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合self._center_diffusion_points = set()  # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合self.all_points = {}  # 每帧动态点坐标self.build(2000)self.random_halo = 1000self.generate_frame = generate_framefor frame in range(generate_frame):self.calc(frame)def build(self, number):# 爱心for _ in range(number):t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi)  # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口x, y = heart_function(t)self._points.add((x, y))# 爱心内扩散for _x, _y in list(self._points):for _ in range(3):x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05)self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y))# 爱心内再次扩散point_list = list(self._points)for _ in range(4000):x, y = random.choice(point_list)x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17)self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y))@staticmethoddef calc_position(x, y, ratio):# 调整缩放比例force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520)  # 魔法参数dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1)dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1)return x - dx, y - dydef calc(self, generate_frame):ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)  # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)))halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2))all_points = []# 光环heart_halo_point = set()  # 光环的点坐标集合for _ in range(halo_number):t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi)  # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6)  # 魔法参数x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius)if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point:# 处理新的点heart_halo_point.add((x, y))x += random.randint(-14, 14)y += random.randint(-14, 14)size = random.choice((1, 2, 2))all_points.append((x, y, size))# 轮廓for x, y in self._points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 3)all_points.append((x, y, size))# 内容for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 2)all_points.append((x, y, size))for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 2)all_points.append((x, y, size))self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_pointsdef render(self, render_canvas, render_frame):for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]:render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR)def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0):render_canvas.delete('all')render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame)main.after(160, draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1)if __name__ == '__main__':root = Tk()  # 一个Tkcanvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH)canvas.pack()heart = Heart()  # 心draw(root, canvas, heart)  # 开始画画~root.mainloop()

 效果展示