六、docker compose单机容器编排工具

六、docker compose单机容器编排工具

6.1 compose简介

Compose是一个用于定义和运行多容器Docker应用程序的工具。您可以使用Compose文件来配置应用程序的服务，然后使用单个命令从配置中创建并启动所有服务。compose的配置文件示例如下

compose的github网址：https://github.com/docker/compose

6.2 compose安装

docker-compose项目是docker官方的开源项目，负责实现对docker容器集群的快速编排。Docker Compose 依靠Docker Engine 进行任何有意义的工作，因此请确保您已在本地或远程安装Docker Engine。目前docker-compose提供两个版本，v1和v2版本，本文中只讨论v2版本。

compose有两种安装形式：

• 插件形式安装compose：在安装最新版本docker时，docker compose会以插件形式安装。

#查看docker-ce和docker-compose-plugin的版本
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep docker
docker-compose-plugin-2.29.7-1.el9.x86_64
docker-buildx-plugin-0.17.1-1.el9.x86_64
docker-ce-cli-27.3.1-1.el9.x86_64
docker-ce-rootless-extras-27.3.1-1.el9.x86_64
docker-ce-27.3.1-1.el9.x86_64#查看插件形式安装的docker compose的版本
[root@localhost ~]# docker compose version
Docker Compose version v2.29.7
[root@localhost ~]# yum search  docker-compose-plugin
docker-compose-plugin.x86_64 : Docker Compose (V2) plugin for the Docker CLI
#命令帮助
[root@localhost ~]# docker compose  -h
Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, use --helpUsage:  docker compose [OPTIONS] COMMAND
Options:-f, --file stringArray           Compose configuration files  #指定compose模板文件
Commands:down        Stop and remove containers, networksimages      List images used by the created containerskill        Force stop service containerslogs        View output from containersls          List running compose projectsport        Print the public port for a port bindingps          List containersrestart     Restart service containersrm          Removes stopped service containersstart       Start servicesstats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statisticsstop        Stop servicestop         Display the running processesup          Create and start containersversion     Show the Docker Compose version information
#docker compose  up帮助信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker compose  up --help
Usage:  docker compose up [OPTIONS] [SERVICE...]
Create and start containers-d, --detach                       Detached mode: Run containers in the background  #在后台运行容器

• 独立模式安装compose：在官网下载docker-compose二进制包以独立模式安装docker-compose。

docker-compose下载地址：https://github.com/docker/compose/releases

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/bin/
#将docker-compose二进制文件下载至该目录
[root@localhost bin]# ll -h
总用量 61M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61M 11月 12 14:53 docker-compose-linux-x86_64
[root@localhost bin]# chmod a+x docker-compose-linux-x86_64
[root@localhost bin]# ll
总用量 61608
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 63083304 11月 12 14:53 docker-compose-linux-x86_64
[root@localhost bin]# /usr/local/bin/docker-compose-linux-x86_64  --version
Docker Compose version v2.28.0
#制作命令软链接
[root@localhost bin]# ln -s docker-compose-linux-x86_64 docker-compose
[root@localhost bin]# ll
总用量 61608
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       27 11月 12 14:54 docker-compose -> docker-compose-linux-x86_64
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 63083304 11月 12 14:53 docker-compose-linux-x86_64
[root@localhost bin]# docker-compose --version
Docker Compose version v2.28.0
#查看命令帮助，和docker compose用法一样
[root@localhost bin]# docker-compose --help
Usage:  docker compose [OPTIONS] COMMAND
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker

6.3 docker compose启动容器

6.3.1 compose启动容器步骤

使用 Docker Compose 分为三个步骤：

1. 使用Dockerfile定义您的应用程序的环境，以便它可以在任何地方重现。

2. 在compose.yaml文件中定义组成应用程序的服务，以便它们可以在隔离的环境中一起运行。关于compose.yml文件的官网说明：https://github.com/compose-spec/compose-spec/blob/main/spec.md

   在新版的compose中Compose文件的默认路径是compose.yaml（首选）或compose.yml放置在工作目录中。Compose 还支持docker-compose.yaml和docker-compose.yml以向后兼容早期版本。如果两个文件都存在，Compose 会首选规范的compose.yaml。

   compose文件的组成部分如下：
   

3. 最后，运行docker compose up将启动并运行您的整个应用程序。

6.3.2 compose的yml文件格式

#用'#'表示注释
services:    #服务字段，必选项web:      #自定义服务名称，唯一image: nginx  #镜像名称build: ./dir  #指定dockerfile所在路径container_name: nginx  #容器名称restart: always  #设定容器失败时总是自动重启expose:   #指定容器暴露哪些端口，不会映射到主机的端口- 80  ports: - "80:80"volumes:- ./conf.d/:/etc/nginx/conf.d/:ro  #将本机的文件以只读方式映射至目标容器中- db-data:/var/lib/backup/datanetwork_mode: bridge  #使用docker默认创建的bridge网络
volumes:db-data:
networks:mynet1: driver: bridgemynet2: driver: bridgeexternal: true  #不创建新的网络而使用已经创建好的网络，如果网络不存在会报错

6.3.3 启动一个简单的容器

#创建compose的项目目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /compose/nginx/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /compose/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# cat compose.yml
services:web:image: nginx:1.27.2container_name: nginxports:- "80:80"- "443:443"
#根据compose.yml文件启动容器
[root@localhost nginx]# docker compose  up -d
[+] Running 1/1✔ Container nginx  Started                                                             0.2s
#容器名称为nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# docker compose ps
NAME      IMAGE          COMMAND                   SERVICE   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS
nginx     nginx:1.27.2   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   web       4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, :::443->443/tcp
[root@localhost nginx]# curl  -s -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null localhost:80
200

#停止容器，但不删除容器
[root@localhost nginx]# docker compose  stop
[root@localhost nginx]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
20a277d0d5ae   nginx:1.27.2   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   9 minutes ago   Exited (0) 22 seconds ago             nginx#停止容器并删除
[root@localhost nginx]# docker compose  down
[+] Running 2/2✔ Container nginx        Removed                                                       0.0s✔ Network nginx_default  Removed                                                       0.1s
[root@localhost nginx]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

6.3.4 启动多个容器

[root@localhost compose]# mkdir -p tomcat-nginx/tomcat-base
[root@localhost compose]# cd tomcat-nginx/
#使用4.2.4自定义的tomcat镜像运行容器
[root@localhost tomcat-nginx]# ll tomcat-base/
总用量 187860
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  12716365 11月 12 16:12 apache-tomcat-9.0.96.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       568 11月 12 16:13 dockerfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       142 11月 12 16:12 java.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179640645  1月 19  2019 jdk-11.0.2_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz#build参数说明：https://github.com/compose-spec/compose-spec/blob/main/build.md
[root@localhost tomcat-nginx]# cat compose.yml
[root@localhost tomcat-nginx]# cat compose.yml
services:service-web-nginx:image: nginx:1.27.2container_name: web-nginx1volumes:- ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html:roports:- "80:80"- "443:443"service-web-tomcat:image: tomcat:basebuild: ./tomcat-basecontainer_name: web-tomcat1ports:- "8080:8080"
[root@localhost tomcat-nginx]# cat ./html/index.html
this is nginx test
#运行容器
[root@localhost tomcat-nginx]# docker compose  up -d      
#查看compose配置
[root@localhost tomcat-nginx]# docker compose  ps
NAME          IMAGE          COMMAND                   SERVICE              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS
web-nginx1    nginx:1.27.2   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   service-web-nginx    28 seconds ago   Up 26 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, :::443->443/tcp
web-tomcat1   tomcat:base    "/usr/local/tomcat/b…"   service-web-tomcat   28 seconds ago   Up 26 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp
#在浏览器使用ip地址测试访问
[root@localhost tomcat-nginx]# curl  localhost:80
this is nginx test

6.3.5 配置haproxy和nginx负载均衡

[root@localhost compose]# mkdir haproxy-nginx
[root@localhost compose]# cd haproxy-nginx
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# mkdir -p web{1,2}/html
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# echo this is web1 >  web1/html/index.html
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# echo this is web2 >  web2/html/index.html
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# mkdir haproxy
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# cat haproxy/haproxy.cfg
listen web_port_80bind 0.0.0.0:80mode httpbalance roundrobinserver web1 web1:80  check inter 3000 fall 2 rise 5server web2 web2:80  check inter 3000 fall 2 rise 5
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# cat compose.yml
services:web1:image: nginx:1.27.2container_name: web1volumes:- ./web1/html:/usr/share/nginx/htmlnetworks:- mynet1web2:image: nginx:1.27.2container_name: web2volumes:- ./web2/html:/usr/share/nginx/htmlnetworks:- mynet2haproxy:image: haproxy:3.0container_name: haproxyvolumes:- ./haproxy/haproxy.cfg:/usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfgnetworks:- mynet1- mynet2ports:- 80:80networks:mynet1:driver: bridgemynet2:driver: bridge[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# docker compose  up -d
[+] Running 5/5✔ Network haproxy-nginx_mynet1  Created                                   0.0s✔ Network haproxy-nginx_mynet2  Created                                   0.1s✔ Container web1                Started                                   0.7s✔ Container haproxy             Started                                   0.7s✔ Container web2                Started                                   0.6s
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# docker network  ls
NETWORK ID     NAME                   DRIVER    SCOPE
daa38f832e19   bridge                 bridge    local
b9e9cbce7940   haproxy-nginx_mynet1   bridge    local
b44eba593328   haproxy-nginx_mynet2   bridge    local
aefd4dec55a1   harbor_harbor-clair    bridge    local
62d99472c7fd   host                   host      local
8ea12eac3429   none                   null      local[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
fe4a95be1653   haproxy:3.0    "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   haproxy
06003d69c107   nginx:1.27.2   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes   80/tcp                              web2
e6d76e7f31c9   nginx:1.27.2   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes   80/tcp                              web1
#测试
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# for i in {1..10};do curl localhost:80;done
this is web2
this is web1
this is web2
this is web1
this is web2
this is web1
this is web2
this is web1
this is web2
this is web1
#停止并删除容器
[root@localhost haproxy-nginx]# docker compose  down
[+] Running 5/5✔ Container web1                Removed                                   0.1s✔ Container web2                Removed                                   0.1s✔ Container haproxy             Removed                                   0.2s✔ Network haproxy-nginx_mynet1  Removed                                   0.2s✔ Network haproxy-nginx_mynet2  Removed                                   0.1s