docker基本使用命令

一、镜像

 1、拉取镜像

docker pull busybox
docker pull nginx:1.26-alpine

2、查看本地镜像

[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    4e1b6bae1e48   18 hours ago   192MB
busybox      latest    ff7a7936e930   6 months ago   4.28MB

3、镜像搜索

[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker search ubuntu

4、查看镜像信息

[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker image inspect nginx
[{"Id": "sha256:4e1b6bae1e48cdbde8e6ec3e6ee42d86ad4780156e75790465bf6fb16c551c27","RepoTags": ["nginx:latest"],"RepoDigests": [

5、查看镜像结构

[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker history nginx
IMAGE          CREATED        CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
4e1b6bae1e48   18 hours ago   CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"]                0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      18 hours ago   STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT                              0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      18 hours ago   EXPOSE map[80/tcp:{}]                           0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      18 hours ago   ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"]            0B        buildkit.d

6、删除镜像

[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker rmi nginx

7、镜像导出、导入

#镜像导出
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    4e1b6bae1e48   18 hours ago   192MB
busybox      latest    ff7a7936e930   6 months ago   4.28MB
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker image save -o nginx-latest.tar.gz 
//-o指定导出路径
nginx:latest
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# ls
nginx-latest.tar.gz 
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# du -sh nginx-latest.tar.gz
188M	nginx-latest.tar.gz#docker导入
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker rmi nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:5ed8fcc66f4ed123c1b2560ed708dc148755b6e4cbd8b943fab094f2c6bfa91e
Deleted: sha256:4e1b6bae1e48cdbde8e6ec3e6ee42d86ad4780156e75790465bf6fb16c551c27
Deleted: sha256:54e3ab6292c032a67a0b40e4efb1d1103fc0cf511adc81d76d3a38b95346f723
Deleted: sha256:a0d2387b1619ddad596155d0d9b898e646b267dfdf3cbe7771cb0cdadd5d15b5
Deleted: sha256:7f2e29110e65e19a2fd3fb6f692345c62d9d1d45fccc69f0f2e4e5282bf5a153
Deleted: sha256:6326ba543c8ab9588de067410d5ad23828fcf83d5d04719a1f88c02c9118ccfa
Deleted: sha256:164dfb151284668c54c8259d6a82900f19b157b655deafc294db044ee4da219e
Deleted: sha256:6a2a04bbab5eca06a23a05254ed5166c9a548245861f9db0e23796fb87d490a3
Deleted: sha256:ea680fbff095473bb8a6c867938d6d851e11ef0c177fce983ccc83440172bd72
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
busybox      latest    ff7a7936e930   6 months ago   4.28MB
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker load -i nginx-latest.tar.gz
ea680fbff095: Loading layer   77.9MB/77.9MB
bd903131a05e: Loading layer  118.7MB/118.7MB
9aad78ecf380: Loading layer  3.584kB/3.584kB
9e3c6e8c1e25: Loading layer  4.608kB/4.608kB
8d83f6b79143: Loading layer   2.56kB/2.56kB
ccc5aac17fc4: Loading layer   5.12kB/5.12kB
d1e3e4dd1aaa: Loading layer  7.168kB/7.168kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    4e1b6bae1e48   18 hours ago   192MB
busybox      latest    ff7a7936e930   6 months ago   4.28MB

二、容器

1、启动容器

#后台运行容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker run -d --name web1 -p 80:80 nginx
2cd9f1a6c72342fd1bbdcf86a2b5ee0b1199638906019aaeb6cdfba8c56113db#在容器中操作
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker run -it --name test busybox #重新进入容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker attach test#在容器中执行命令
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker exec -it test ifconfig#解释参数
-d  ——  后台运行
-i  ——  交互式运行
-t  ——  打开一个中断
--name —— 指定容器名称
-p  ——  端口映射
--rm —— 容器停止自动删除容器#创建并进入一个容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker run -d --name yes nginx
49d0e0901a9381b015fa66262fe7e14b351ff19581598d4a66c2329ea7785ef4[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
49d0e0901a93   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   8 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds   80/tcp    yes[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker exec -it yes /bin/bash
root@49d0e0901a93:/# 

2、查看容器运行信息

#查看当前运行的容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker ps #查看所有容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker ps -a#查看容器运行的详细信息
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker inspect yes

3、停止运行容器

#停止容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker stop test#杀死容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker kill test#开启停止容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker start test[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker start yes
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker exec -it yes bash
root@769cd55a087e:/# ls
bin   dev		   docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc			 lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

4、删除容器

#-f 强制删除正在运行的容器[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS              PORTS                                 NAMES
769cd55a087e   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   14 minutes ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, [::]:80->80/tcp   yes
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker rm yes
Error response from daemon: cannot remove container "/yes": container is running: stop the container before removing or force remove
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker rm -f yes
yes
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES#删除所有停止的容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker container prune 
WARNING! This will remove all stopped containers.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Containers:
0a33c8f1742e386c1c8c960ee3ef5a40f801c46fb4ed240e6e20b7c05eddbc97Total reclaimed space: 1.093kB

5、容器内容提交

默认情况，容器被删除后，容器内的所有操作都会被清理，包括保存的文件，像永久保存就需要把动作提交，提交后会生成新的镜像，运行新镜像时会看到提交的内容

#运行一个容器创建文件
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker run -d --name yes nginx
49d0e0901a9381b015fa66262fe7e14b351ff19581598d4a66c2329ea7785ef4
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker exec -it yes /bin/bash
root@49d0e0901a93:/# ls
bin   dev		   docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc			 lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@49d0e0901a93:/# touch leefile
root@49d0e0901a93:/# ls
bin   docker-entrypoint.d   home     lib64  opt   run	sys  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.sh  leefile  media  proc  sbin	tmp
dev   etc		    lib      mnt    root  srv	usr
root@49d0e0901a93:/# exit
exit#删除容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker rm -f yes
yes
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker exec -it yes /bin/bash
Error response from daemon: No such container: yes
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker run -d --name yes nginx
5d07fdfdd9c02c12a9e941d9b630a6022ea308ce94dfecdc7a3cdc7033db1734
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker exec -it yes /bin/bash#删除容器以后创建容器，创建的文件被删除
root@5d07fdfdd9c0:/# ls
bin   dev		   docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc			 lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usrroot@5d07fdfdd9c0:/# touch lili.txt
root@5d07fdfdd9c0:/# ls
bin   docker-entrypoint.d   home   lili.txt  opt   run	 sys  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.sh  lib    media     proc  sbin  tmp
dev   etc		    lib64  mnt	     root  srv	 usr
root@5d07fdfdd9c0:/# exit
exit#提交一个容器
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker commit -m "add lili.txt" yes ngin
sha256:9920ef46c9588a531501c69c91e10188e0ed71425ea455702602b7d3031456ea
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ngin         latest    9920ef46c958   5 seconds ago   192MB
nginx        latest    4e1b6bae1e48   20 hours ago    192MB
busybox      latest    ff7a7936e930   6 months ago    4.28MB

6、系统中的文件与容器中的文件传输

#将容器中文件传输到系统指定目录
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker exec -it yes /bin/bash
root@5d07fdfdd9c0:/# ls
bin   docker-entrypoint.d   home   lili.txt  opt   run	 sys  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.sh  lib    media     proc  sbin  tmp
dev   etc		    lib64  mnt	     root  srv	 usr
root@5d07fdfdd9c0:/# pwd
/
root@5d07fdfdd9c0:/# exit
exit
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker cp yes:/lili.txt /mnt/
Successfully copied 1.54kB to /mnt/
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# ls /mnt/
lili.txt#将系统文件传输到容器指定目录
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  glibc-2.34.tar.gz    proxysql-2.7.0-1-centos8.x86_64.rpm
glibc-2.34       nginx-latest.tar.gz  proxysql-2.7.1-1-centos8.x86_64.rpm
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker cp /root/glibc-2.34 yes:/
^CSuccessfully copied 194MB to yes:/
[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker exec -it yes /bin/bash
root@5d07fdfdd9c0:/# ls
bin   docker-entrypoint.d   glibc-2.34	lib64	  mnt	root  srv  usr
boot  docker-entrypoint.sh  home	lili.txt  opt	run   sys  var
dev   etc		    lib		media	  proc	sbin  tmp

7、查询容器内部日志

[root@Rocky-1 ~]# docker logs yes
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Sourcing /docker-entrypoint.d/15-local-resolvers.envsh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2025/04/17 10:26:40 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2025/04/17 10:26:40 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.27.5
2025/04/17 10:26:40 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 12.2.0 (Debian 12.2.0-14) 
2025/04/17 10:26:40 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64
2025/04/17 10:26:40 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2025/04/17 10:26:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2025/04/17 10:26:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 29