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蓝桥杯嵌入式组第十四届省赛题目解析+STM32G431RBT6实现源码

news 来源：原创 2025/8/10 7:34:21

文章目录

1.题目解析
- 1.1 分而治之，藕断丝连
- 1.2 模块化思维导图
- 1.3 模块解析
- - 1.3.1 KEY模块
  - 1.3.2 LED模块
  - 1.3.3 LCD模块
  - 1.3.4 TIM模块
  - - 1.3.4.1 频率变化处理
    - 1.3.4.1 占空比计算
  - 1.3.5 ADC模块
2.源码
2.1cubemx配置
3.第十四届题目

前言：STM32G431RBT6实现嵌入式组第十四届题目解析+源码，本文默认读者具备基础的stm32知识。文章末尾附有第十四届题目。

1.题目解析

1.1 分而治之，藕断丝连

还是那句话，将不同模块进行封装，通过变量进行模块间的合作。
函数将模块分而治之，变量使模块间藕断丝连。

1.2 模块化思维导图

下图根据题目梳理。还是使用思维导图。
在这里插入图片描述

1.3 模块解析

1.3.1 KEY模块

还是控制按一次处理一次。老朋友了我们就不多说了，题目限制了按键消抖和单次处理，所以我们要加上消抖，和第前几届的处理一模一样。
正常按键逻辑：
开始按下—>按下—>释放；
但是题目要求得按一次处理一次，根据代码逻辑加了一种等待释放状态
根据机械按键的特性开始和结束都得消抖，加上按一次执行一次，所以我们的处理逻辑是：
开始按下—>按下消抖—>短按—>等待弹起—>长按—>弹起—>弹起消抖—>释放；
为了实现按一次执行一次，中间加了一个等待弹起状态（key_state_gain()函数获取到按键状态，key_state_set()设置按键对应按键涉及标志位，下一次进入到key_state_gain()函数中，按键状态就变成了等待弹起状态，这就保证了，短按长按只执行key_state_set()一次）
这里主要说逻辑，具体看源码

if(按键按下){if(是否是释放状态){					//开始按下进入消抖状态，开始消抖计时}else if(是否是消抖状态){    			//按下消抖if(当前时间-消抖计时>=消抖时长){消抖完成，进入按下状态}}else if(是否是短按状态 || 是否是长按状态){				//等待弹起状态等待释放状态记录长按2s开始时间}else if(是否是等待状态){              //长按实现if(时间达到2s) 长按状态}
}
else{//没有按下if(是否是等待释放或者按下状态){		//弹起进入消抖状态，开始消抖计时}else if(是否是消抖状态){				//弹起消抖if(当前时间-消抖计时>=消抖时长){消抖完成，按键释放}}
}

1.3.2 LED模块

ld1：数据界面亮，否则灭；
ld2：频率切换期间，以0.1s间隔闪烁；
ld3：占空比锁定亮，否则灭；
其他led保持熄灭状态。
解决办法，设置一个标志位代表ld1~ld8，改变对应位的的值，再将标志位写入ODR寄存器中来控制led的亮灭。
具体实现看源码

1.3.3 LCD模块

lcd显示三个界面，注意首次切换的时候得清屏。
根据B1进行三个界面的切换；
状态0：DATA；
在这里插入图片描述

状态1：PARA；
在这里插入图片描述
状态1：RECD。

具体实现看源码

1.3.4 TIM模块

TIM4产生0.1s时基。PSC：1699，ARR：9999；
TIM2，chn2: 16, 2499 , 4KHzPWM;
TIM3，chn2: 169, 9999, 捕获范围T<=10ms。
PSC和ARR计算公式（计算周期就是频率的倒数）：
在这里插入图片描述

1.3.4.1 频率变化处理

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{tim_100ms ^= 1;if(freq_conv_5s != 0){         //频率转换开始freq_conv_5s++;}Hv_2s = Hv_2s < 20 ? Hv_2s+1 : 20;   //最大值保持2s计时Lv_2s = Lv_2s < 20 ? Lv_2s+1 : 20;if(freq_conv_5s > 1){         //设置对应的输出频率if(current_freq_mode == 0){current_ARR -= 25;TIM2->ARR = current_ARR;TIM2->CCR2 = (uint32_t)current_ARR*old_duty;}else{current_ARR += 25;TIM2->ARR = current_ARR;TIM2->CCR2 = (uint32_t)current_ARR*old_duty;}if(freq_conv_5s == 51){freq_conv_5s = 0;current_freq_mode ^= 1;conv_N++;}}led_process();HAL_ADC_Start_IT(&hadc2);
}

1.3.4.1 占空比计算

看图可以知道这是一个分段函数。
在这里插入图片描述
我们可以这样解决

float caculate_duty()
{if(adc_smp_volt<=1.0){return 0.1;}else if(adc_smp_volt>1.0 && adc_smp_volt<=3.0){return (0.375*adc_smp_volt - 0.275);}else return 0.85;
}

1.3.5 ADC模块

这里adc采集R37电位器电压，这里就不多说。
具体请看源码

2.源码

我所有的实现都在main.c文件中。

2.1cubemx配置

在这里插入图片描述

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "lcd.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#define PI 3.14
/* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
//按键状态
enum{key_released = 0U,key_reduction,key_short_pressed,key_wait_pressed,key_long_pressed,
};//记录低频和高频速度
struct{float ML_new;float MH_new;float ML_old;float MH_old;
} max_v = {0.0f};
/*
adc_smp_volt: adc采集电压
current_duty: 实时占空比
old_duty: 保持占空比，比如锁定会记录上一次占空比
*/
float adc_smp_volt = 0.0f, current_duty = 0.0f, old_duty = 0.0f;
/*
keys_volt: 按键电平
keys_state: 按键状态
RK_val: 实际起作用的RK值
RK_val_set: 设置时候的RK值
*/
uint8_t keys_volt[4] = {0}, keys_state[4] = {0}, RK_val[2] = {1,1}, RK_val_set[2] = {1,1};
/*
key_redu: 记录消抖时间戳
key_long_2s: 长按时间戳
current_ARR: tim3的arr值
IC_freq: 捕获到的频率
conv_N: 界面三N的值
*/  
uint32_t key_redu = 0, key_long_2s = 0, current_ARR = 2499, IC_freq = 0, conv_N = 0;
/*
lcd_show_conv: 界面切换标志
RK_choose_conv: RK按键切换选择
freq_conv_5s: 切换5s计时
duty_lock: 锁定标志
current_freq_mode: pinlv模式
Hv_2s: 高频速度2s计时
Lv_2s: 低频速度2s计时
lcd_clear_flag: 界面刷新
ld_flag: led控制标志
tim_100ms: 100ms标志
*/  
uint8_t lcd_show_conv = 0, RK_choose_conv = 0,freq_conv_5s = 0, duty_lock = 0, current_freq_mode = 0,Hv_2s = 0, Lv_2s = 0, lcd_clear_flag = 0, ld_flag = 0, tim_100ms = 0;
/*
old_IC_val: 采集CCR值，计算频率 
new_IC_val: 采集CCR值
*/
uint16_t old_IC_val = 0, new_IC_val = 0;
//lcd显示
char lcd_str[25] = {0};void key_state_gain();
void key_process();
void lcd_process();
void led_process();
float caculate_duty();
void caculate_v();/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */LCD_Init();LCD_Clear(Black);LCD_SetBackColor(Black);LCD_SetTextColor(White);/* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_TIM2_Init();MX_TIM3_Init();MX_TIM4_Init();MX_ADC2_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc2, ADC_SINGLE_ENDED);HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim4);HAL_TIM_PWM_Start_IT(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2);HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_2);HAL_ADC_Start_IT(&hadc2);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */key_state_gain();key_process();caculate_v();lcd_process();}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1_BOOST);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV6;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 85;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
//获取按键状态
void key_state_gain()
{keys_volt[0] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);keys_volt[1] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);keys_volt[2] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);keys_volt[3] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);for(uint8_t i=0;i<4;i++){if(keys_volt[i] == 0){if(keys_state[i] == key_released){key_redu = HAL_GetTick();keys_state[i] = key_reduction;}else if(keys_state[i] == key_reduction){if(HAL_GetTick()-key_redu>=10){keys_state[i] = key_short_pressed;key_long_2s = HAL_GetTick();}   }else if(keys_state[i] == key_short_pressed){keys_state[i] = key_wait_pressed;}else if(keys_state[i] == key_wait_pressed){if(HAL_GetTick() - key_long_2s>=2000){keys_state[i] = key_long_pressed;}}else if(keys_state[i] == key_long_pressed){keys_state[i] = key_wait_pressed;}}else{if(keys_state[i] == key_short_pressed || keys_state[i] == key_wait_pressed ||keys_state[i] == key_long_pressed){keys_state[i] = key_reduction;key_redu = HAL_GetTick();             }else if(keys_state[i] == key_reduction){if(HAL_GetTick()-key_redu>=10){keys_state[i] = key_released;}   }}}
}
//根据按键状态设置对应标志位
void key_process()
{if(keys_state[0] == key_short_pressed){lcd_show_conv = lcd_show_conv!=2 ? lcd_show_conv+1 : 0;if(lcd_show_conv == 2){RK_val[0] = RK_val_set[0];RK_val[1] = RK_val_set[1];}}if(keys_state[1] == key_short_pressed){if(lcd_show_conv == 0){if(freq_conv_5s == 0){freq_conv_5s = 1;old_duty = current_duty;}   }else if(lcd_show_conv == 1){RK_choose_conv ^= 1;}}if(keys_state[2] == key_short_pressed){if(lcd_show_conv == 1){RK_val_set[RK_choose_conv] = RK_val_set[RK_choose_conv]<10?RK_val_set[RK_choose_conv]+1:10;}}if(keys_state[3] == key_short_pressed){if(lcd_show_conv == 1){RK_val_set[RK_choose_conv] = RK_val_set[RK_choose_conv]>1?RK_val_set[RK_choose_conv]-1:1;}duty_lock = 0;}if(keys_state[3] == key_long_pressed){duty_lock = 1;old_duty = current_duty;}
}
//lcd显示
void lcd_process()
{switch(lcd_show_conv){case 0:if(lcd_clear_flag == 2){LCD_Clear(Black);lcd_clear_flag = 0;}LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line1, (uint8_t*)"        DATA      ");if(current_freq_mode == 0) sprintf(lcd_str, "     M=L  ");else sprintf(lcd_str, "     M=H  ");LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line3, (uint8_t*)lcd_str);if(duty_lock == 1 || freq_conv_5s != 0) {sprintf(lcd_str, "     P=%d%%    ", (int)(old_duty*100));}else sprintf(lcd_str, "     P=%d%%     ", (int)(current_duty*100));LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4, (uint8_t*)lcd_str);sprintf(lcd_str, "     V=%.1f      ", (float)IC_freq*PI*RK_val[0]/50.0/RK_val[1]);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5, (uint8_t*)lcd_str);break;case 1:if(lcd_clear_flag == 0){LCD_Clear(Black);lcd_clear_flag = 1;}LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line1, (uint8_t*)"        PARA      ");sprintf(lcd_str, "     R=%hhu     ", RK_val_set[0]);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line3, (uint8_t*)lcd_str);sprintf(lcd_str, "     K=%hhu     " , RK_val_set[1]);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4, (uint8_t*)lcd_str);break;case 2:if(lcd_clear_flag == 1){LCD_Clear(Black);lcd_clear_flag = 2;}LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line1, (uint8_t*)"        RECD      ");sprintf(lcd_str, "     N=%u     ", conv_N);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line3, (uint8_t*)lcd_str);sprintf(lcd_str, "     MH=%.1f    ", max_v.MH_old);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4, (uint8_t*)lcd_str);sprintf(lcd_str, "     ML=%.1f     ", max_v.ML_old);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5, (uint8_t*)lcd_str);break;}
}
//led处理
void led_process()
{if(lcd_show_conv == 0){ld_flag = 1;}else ld_flag = 0;if(freq_conv_5s!=0){ld_flag += tim_100ms << 1;}if(duty_lock == 1){ld_flag += 1<<2;}HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2,1);GPIOC->ODR = 0xffff ^ ld_flag << 8;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2,0);
}//计算占空比
float caculate_duty()
{if(adc_smp_volt<=1.0) return 0.1;else if(adc_smp_volt>1.0 && adc_smp_volt<3.0) return 0.375*adc_smp_volt - 0.275;else return 0.85;
}//计算速度最大值
void caculate_v(){static float maxl = 0, maxh = 0;if(maxh != max_v.MH_new){Hv_2s = 0;maxh = max_v.MH_new;}else{if(Hv_2s == 20 && max_v.MH_old < maxh){max_v.MH_old = maxh;}}if(maxl != max_v.ML_new){Lv_2s = 0;maxl = max_v.ML_new;}else{if(Lv_2s == 20 && max_v.ML_old < maxl){max_v.ML_old = maxl;}}
}void HAL_TIM_PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{if(duty_lock == 1){  //锁定状态占空比不变TIM2->CCR2 = (uint32_t)current_ARR*old_duty;}else{ TIM2->CCR2 = (uint32_t)current_ARR*current_duty;}
}void HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{new_IC_val = TIM3 -> CCR2;    //采集ccr值if(new_IC_val > old_IC_val){   IC_freq = 100*10000/(new_IC_val - old_IC_val);  //f2 = f1的arr /f2的arr * f1}else{IC_freq = 100*10000/(new_IC_val + 10000 - old_IC_val);}old_IC_val = new_IC_val;if(current_freq_mode == 0){           //根据模式计算更新速度最大值max_v.ML_new = (float)IC_freq*PI*RK_val[0]/50.0/RK_val[1];}else max_v.MH_new = (float)IC_freq*PI*RK_val[0]/50.0/RK_val[1];
}void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{tim_100ms ^= 1;if(freq_conv_5s != 0){         //频率转换开始freq_conv_5s++;}Hv_2s = Hv_2s < 20 ? Hv_2s+1 : 20;   //最大值保持2s计时Lv_2s = Lv_2s < 20 ? Lv_2s+1 : 20;if(freq_conv_5s > 1){         //设置对应的输出频率if(current_freq_mode == 0){current_ARR -= 25;TIM2->ARR = current_ARR;TIM2->CCR2 = (uint32_t)current_ARR*old_duty;}else{current_ARR += 25;TIM2->ARR = current_ARR;TIM2->CCR2 = (uint32_t)current_ARR*old_duty;}if(freq_conv_5s == 51){freq_conv_5s = 0;current_freq_mode ^= 1;conv_N++;}}led_process();HAL_ADC_Start_IT(&hadc2);
}void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc)
{adc_smp_volt = HAL_ADC_GetValue(hadc)*3.3/4096;current_duty = caculate_duty();
}
/* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

3.第十四届题目