python: SQLAlchemy (ORM) Simple example using SQLite

• 领域层（Domain Laye）：定义了 School 实体类和 SchoolRepository 抽象基类，明确了业务实体和数据访问的契约。

• 基础设施层（Infrastructure Laye）：通过 SQLAlchemy 实现了 SchoolRepository 类，负责与 SQLite 数据库进行交互，包括增删改查操作。

• 应用层（Application Laye）：SchoolService 类封装了业务逻辑，调用 SchoolRepository 接口的方法完成具体的业务操作。

• 表现层（Presentation Laye）：

  • SchoolView 类负责创建和管理用户界面，包括搜索框、ttk.Treeview 表格、操作按钮和分页按钮。
  • SchoolController 类处理用户的操作请求，调用 SchoolService 完成相应的业务逻辑，并更新视图。

项目结构：

领域层（Domain Laye）：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 20:39
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : domain/entities/school.py
# explain   : 学习class School:"""领域层（Domain）"""def __init__(self, school_id, school_name, school_tel_no):""":param school_id::param school_name::param school_tel_no:"""self.school_id = school_idself.school_name = school_nameself.school_tel_no = school_tel_no# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 20:40
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : domain/repositories/schoolRepositories.py
# explain   : 学习
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List
from ..entities.school import Schoolclass SchoolRepository(ABC):"""领域层（Domain） 接口"""@abstractmethoddef add(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""pass@abstractmethoddef update(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""pass@abstractmethoddef delete(self, school_id: str):""":param school_id::return:"""pass@abstractmethoddef get_all(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = "") -> List[School]:""":param page::param page_size::param search_query::return:"""pass@abstractmethoddef get_total_count(self, search_query: str = "") -> int:""":param search_query::return:"""pass

基础设施层（Infrastructure Laye）：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 涂聚文有限公司
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# os        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  Oracle 21c
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:30
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : school.py
# explain   : 学习from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, declarative_base
from domain.entities.school import School
from ..database.sqlitehelper import SqliteHelperBase = declarative_base()class SchoolModel(Base):"""基础设施层（Infrastructure）"""__tablename__ = 'School'SchoolId = Column(String, primary_key=True)SchoolName = Column(String, nullable=False)SchoolTelNo = Column(String, nullable=False)# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:41
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : school.py
# explain   : 学习from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, declarative_base
from domain.entities.school import School
from ..database.sqlitehelper import SqliteHelper
from ..model.school import SchoolModelclass SchoolRepository:"""基础设施层（Infrastructure）"""def __init__(self):""""""self._session = SqliteHelper()  # Session()def add(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""session = self._session.getSession()    #  Session()  #school_model = SchoolModel(SchoolId=school.school_id, SchoolName=school.school_name,SchoolTelNo=school.school_tel_no)session.add(school_model)session.commit()session.close()def update(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""session =  self._session.getSession()    # Session() #school_model = session.query(SchoolModel).filter_by(SchoolId=school.school_id).first()if school_model:school_model.SchoolName = school.school_nameschool_model.SchoolTelNo = school.school_tel_nosession.commit()session.close()def delete(self, school_id: str):""":param school_id::return:"""session =  self._session.getSession()    # Session()  #school_model = session.query(SchoolModel).filter_by(SchoolId=school_id).first()if school_model:session.delete(school_model)session.commit()session.close()def get_all(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = ""):""":param page::param page_size::param search_query::return:"""session = self._session.getSession()  #  Session()  #query = session.query(SchoolModel)if search_query:query = query.filter((SchoolModel.SchoolId.contains(search_query)) |(SchoolModel.SchoolName.contains(search_query)) |(SchoolModel.SchoolTelNo.contains(search_query)))offset = (page - 1) * page_sizeschool_models = query.offset(offset).limit(page_size).all()session.close()return [School(school.SchoolId, school.SchoolName, school.SchoolTelNo) for school in school_models]def get_total_count(self, search_query: str = ""):""":param search_query::return:"""session = self._session.getSession()    # Session()  #query = session.query(SchoolModel)if search_query:query = query.filter((SchoolModel.SchoolId.contains(search_query)) |(SchoolModel.SchoolName.contains(search_query)) |(SchoolModel.SchoolTelNo.contains(search_query)))count = query.count()session.close()return count

应用层（Application Laye）：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:10
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : application/services/schoolServices.py
# explain   : 学习from typing import List
from domain.entities.school import School
from domain.repositories.schoolRepositories import SchoolRepositoryclass SchoolService:"""应用层（Application）"""def __init__(self, repository: SchoolRepository):""":param repository:"""self.repository = repositorydef add_school(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""self.repository.add(school)def update_school(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""self.repository.update(school)def delete_school(self, school_id: str):""":param school_id::return:"""self.repository.delete(school_id)def get_schools(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = "") -> List[School]:""":param page::param page_size::param search_query::return:"""return self.repository.get_all(page, page_size, search_query)def get_total_count(self, search_query: str = "") -> int:""":param search_query::return:"""return self.repository.get_total_count(search_query)

表现层（Presentation Laye）：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 18:46
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : presentation/views/schoolViews.py
# explain   : 学习import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttkclass SchoolView:"""表现层（Presentation） UI"""def __init__(self, root):self.root = rootself.root.title("School Management")# 搜索框self.search_frame = ttk.Frame(root)self.search_frame.pack(pady=10)self.search_entry = ttk.Entry(self.search_frame)self.search_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.search_button = ttk.Button(self.search_frame, text="Search")self.search_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)# Treeviewself.tree = ttk.Treeview(root, columns=('SchoolId', 'SchoolName', 'SchoolTelNo'), show='headings')self.tree.heading('SchoolId', text='School ID')self.tree.heading('SchoolName', text='School Name')self.tree.heading('SchoolTelNo', text='School Tel No')self.tree.pack(pady=10)# 操作按钮self.button_frame = ttk.Frame(root)self.button_frame.pack(pady=10)self.add_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Add")self.add_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.edit_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Edit")self.edit_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.delete_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Delete")self.delete_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)# 分页按钮self.pagination_frame = ttk.Frame(root)self.pagination_frame.pack(pady=10)self.prev_button = ttk.Button(self.pagination_frame, text="Previous")self.prev_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.page_label = ttk.Label(self.pagination_frame, text="Page 1 of 1")self.page_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.next_button = ttk.Button(self.pagination_frame, text="Next")self.next_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)def clear_tree(self):for item in self.tree.get_children():self.tree.delete(item)def populate_tree(self, schools):for school in schools:self.tree.insert('', 'end', values=(school.school_id, school.school_name, school.school_tel_no))def update_page_label(self, current_page, total_pages):self.page_label.config(text=f"Page {current_page} of {total_pages}")def open_add_window(self, save_callback):top = tk.Toplevel(self.root)top.title("Add School")ttk.Label(top, text="School ID:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)id_entry = ttk.Entry(top)id_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Label(top, text="School Name:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)name_entry = ttk.Entry(top)name_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Label(top, text="School Tel No:").grid(row=2, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)tel_entry = ttk.Entry(top)tel_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)def save_school():school_id = id_entry.get()school_name = name_entry.get()school_tel_no = tel_entry.get()if school_id and school_name and school_tel_no:save_callback(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no)top.destroy()ttk.Button(top, text="Save", command=save_school).grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)def open_edit_window(self, school_id, school_name, school_tel_no, update_callback):top = tk.Toplevel(self.root)top.title("Edit School")ttk.Label(top, text="School ID:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)id_entry = ttk.Entry(top)id_entry.insert(0, school_id)id_entry.config(state='readonly')id_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Label(top, text="School Name:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)name_entry = ttk.Entry(top)name_entry.insert(0, school_name)name_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Label(top, text="School Tel No:").grid(row=2, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)tel_entry = ttk.Entry(top)tel_entry.insert(0, school_tel_no)tel_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)def update_school():new_school_name = name_entry.get()new_school_tel_no = tel_entry.get()if new_school_name and new_school_tel_no:update_callback(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no)top.destroy()ttk.Button(top, text="Update", command=update_school).grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述： controllers  views 可以分开
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:48
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : presentation/controllers/schoolControllers.py
# explain   : 学习import tkinter as tk
from application.services.schoolServices import SchoolService
from domain.entities.school import Schoolclass SchoolController:"""表现层（Presentation）"""def __init__(self, service: SchoolService, view):""":param service::param view:"""self.service = serviceself.view = viewself.current_page = 1self.page_size = 10self.search_query = ""self.total_pages = 1self.view.search_button.config(command=self.search)self.view.add_button.config(command=self.add)self.view.edit_button.config(command=self.edit)self.view.delete_button.config(command=self.delete)self.view.prev_button.config(command=self.prev_page)self.view.next_button.config(command=self.next_page)self.load_data()def load_data(self):""":return:"""schools = self.service.get_schools(self.current_page, self.page_size, self.search_query)total_count = self.service.get_total_count(self.search_query)self.total_pages = (total_count + self.page_size - 1) // self.page_sizeself.view.clear_tree()self.view.populate_tree(schools)self.view.update_page_label(self.current_page, self.total_pages)self.view.prev_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL if self.current_page > 1 else tk.DISABLED)self.view.next_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL if self.current_page < self.total_pages else tk.DISABLED)def search(self):""":return:"""self.search_query = self.view.search_entry.get()self.current_page = 1self.load_data()def add(self):""":return:"""def save_callback(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no):new_school = School(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no)self.service.add_school(new_school)self.load_data()self.view.open_add_window(save_callback)def edit(self):""":return:"""selected_item = self.view.tree.selection()if selected_item:values = self.view.tree.item(selected_item, 'values')school_id, school_name, school_tel_no = valuesdef update_callback(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no):updated_school = School(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no)self.service.update_school(updated_school)self.load_data()self.view.open_edit_window(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no, update_callback)def delete(self):""":return:"""selected_item = self.view.tree.selection()if selected_item:school_id = self.view.tree.item(selected_item, 'values')[0]self.service.delete_school(school_id)self.load_data()def prev_page(self):"""下一页:return:"""if self.current_page > 1:self.current_page -= 1self.load_data()def next_page(self):"""上一页:return:"""if self.current_page < self.total_pages:self.current_page += 1self.load_data()

调用：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 涂聚文有限公司
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：  Object-Relational Mapping (ORM)
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# os        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  Oracle 21c
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:02
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : main.py
# explain   : 学习
import tkinter as tkfrom Infrastructure.repository.school import SchoolRepository
from application.services.schoolServices import SchoolService
from presentation.views.schoolViews import SchoolView
from presentation.controllers.schoolControllers import SchoolControllerif __name__ == '__main__':""""""root = tk.Tk()repository = SchoolRepository()service = SchoolService(repository)view = SchoolView(root)controller = SchoolController(service, view)root.iconbitmap("favicon.ico")root.mainloop()print('PyCharm,geovindu,Geovin Du,塗聚文，涂聚文')

输出：