Spring理论知识（Ⅴ）——Spring Web模块

Spring的组成

Spring由20个核心依赖组成，这20个核心依赖可以分为6个核心模块

Spring Web模块简介

众所周知，Java目前最大的一个用途就是作为Web应用的服务端（Java Web）

Spring又是JavaEE中使用最广泛的开发框架，所以Spring的Web模块的重要性，不言而喻

Spring Web模块是Spring框架的重要组成部分，主要用于构建基于HTTP协议的Web应用程序，尤其是RESTful服务。它提供了对Web开发的支持，包括处理HTTP请求、响应、会话管理等，是开发现代Web应用和服务的核心模块之一。

Spring Web是对Spring Web之前的Web开发（Tomcat的ServletWeb应用+jquery）的一种增强，其本质依然是以Servlet为核心的Web应用

Spring Web模块的jar包组成以及简介

1. spring-web.jar：

作用：这是Spring Web模块的核心库，提供了处理HTTP请求、响应的基本功能，支持MVC架构和视图解析。
主要功能：包括Spring MVC框架、控制器类、请求映射注解（如@RequestMapping）、视图解析器等。

2. spring-webmvc.jar：

作用：这是Spring Web的MVC实现库，专门为Web应用提供了MVC架构的完整实现。
主要功能：实现了控制器、模型、视图等MVC的核心组件，提供了视图解析（如JSP、Thymeleaf）、请求处理和会话管理等功能。

3. spring-webflux.jar（可选）：

作用：这是Spring 5之后引入的响应式Web框架，支持非阻塞式的响应式编程模型，适合高并发应用。
主要功能：提供了基于Reactor库的响应式Web应用开发，支持WebFlux框架的API。

组成jar包的详细介绍

spring-web介绍

pom文件依赖分析

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version><name>Spring Web</name><description>Spring Web</description><url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework</url><organization><name>Spring IO</name><url>http://projects.spring.io/spring-framework</url></organization><licenses><license><name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name><url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url><distribution>repo</distribution></license></licenses><developers><developer><id>jhoeller</id><name>Juergen Hoeller</name><email>jhoeller@pivotal.io</email></developer></developers><scm><connection>scm:git:git://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework</connection><developerConnection>scm:git:git://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework</developerConnection><url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework</url></scm><issueManagement><system>Jira</system><url>https://jira.springsource.org/browse/SPR</url></issueManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.caucho</groupId><artifactId>hessian</artifactId><version>4.0.51</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>2.9.2</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId><artifactId>jackson-dataformat-cbor</artifactId><version>2.9.2</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId><artifactId>jackson-dataformat-smile</artifactId><version>2.9.2</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId><artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId><version>2.9.2</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.woodstox</groupId><artifactId>woodstox-core</artifactId><version>5.0.3</version><scope>compile</scope><exclusions><exclusion><artifactId>stax-api</artifactId><groupId>stax</groupId></exclusion></exclusions><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml</groupId><artifactId>aalto-xml</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId><artifactId>gson</artifactId><version>2.8.2</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId><artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId><version>3.5.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.googlecode.protobuf-java-format</groupId><artifactId>protobuf-java-format</artifactId><version>1.4</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.rometools</groupId><artifactId>rome</artifactId><version>1.9.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId><artifactId>okhttp</artifactId><version>3.9.1</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId><artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId><version>1.3.3</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.netty</groupId><artifactId>netty-all</artifactId><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.projectreactor.ipc</groupId><artifactId>reactor-netty</artifactId><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.reactivex.rxjava2</groupId><artifactId>rxjava</artifactId><version>2.1.6</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.reactivex</groupId><artifactId>rxjava</artifactId><version>1.3.4</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.reactivex</groupId><artifactId>rxjava-reactive-streams</artifactId><version>1.2.1</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.undertow</groupId><artifactId>undertow-core</artifactId><version>1.4.21.Final</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.el</groupId><artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId><version>3.0.1-b04</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.faces</groupId><artifactId>javax.faces-api</artifactId><version>2.2</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.json.bind</groupId><artifactId>javax.json.bind-api</artifactId><version>1.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.mail</groupId><artifactId>javax.mail-api</artifactId><version>1.6.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId><version>2.3.2-b02</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.validation</groupId><artifactId>validation-api</artifactId><version>1.1.0.Final</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId><artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId><version>2.3.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.xml.ws</groupId><artifactId>jaxws-api</artifactId><version>2.3.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId><version>4.1.3</version><scope>compile</scope><exclusions><exclusion><artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId><groupId>commons-logging</groupId></exclusion></exclusions><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.3</version><scope>compile</scope><exclusions><exclusion><artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId><groupId>commons-logging</groupId></exclusion></exclusions><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId><artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId><version>8.5.23</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId><artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId><version>2.4.13</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId><artifactId>jetty-server</artifactId><version>9.4.7.v20170914</version><scope>compile</scope><exclusions><exclusion><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId></exclusion></exclusions><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId><artifactId>jetty-servlet</artifactId><version>9.4.7.v20170914</version><scope>compile</scope><exclusions><exclusion><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId></exclusion></exclusions><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId><artifactId>kotlin-reflect</artifactId><version>1.1.61</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId><artifactId>kotlin-stdlib</artifactId><version>1.1.61</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId><version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId><version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-core</artifactId><version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId><version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.synchronoss.cloud</groupId><artifactId>nio-multipart-parser</artifactId><version>1.1.0</version><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId><artifactId>reactor-bom</artifactId><version>Bismuth-SR4</version><scope>import</scope><type>pom</type></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.netty</groupId><artifactId>netty-bom</artifactId><version>4.1.17.Final</version><scope>import</scope><type>pom</type></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement>
</project>

主要依赖及其作用

com.caucho.hessian
Hessian 是一个用于连接网络服务的二进制协议，他的com.caucho.hessian.client 和 com.caucho.hessian.server包不依赖于任何其他Resin的类(Resin是caucho公司的一个很快的Web服务器，Hessian是他的一部分)，因此他能够应用于更小的客户端，比如Java Applet。其实也是因为不依赖所以也可以在任何容器比如Tomcat，Jetty中很方便的使用。

因为他是一个短小的协议，它能够应用于手机端，来连接Resin这样的web服务器。 因为它比较精悍，因此他能够使用在EJB中。

就算Hessian规范内容的本身，也是短小而令人关注的。 这个是说很多通讯框架其实都可以使用这个规范来序列化及反序列化类。

jackson-databind
Jackson-Databind 是一个流行的 Java 库，它是 Jackson JSON 处理器的核心组件之一，专注于数据绑定。

该项目支持注解驱动的配置，使得在对象和 JSON 间序列化和反序列化更加方便。它建立在 jackson-core 和 jackson-annotations 之上，提供了丰富的功能和高性能。（可以作为FastJson的替代，Spring Boot默认绑定的JSON类库也是Jackson）