基于 Solana Playground （pg模式）发行自定义参数的代币

要做的事

Solana 支持简单发币，这种情况无法自定义代币名称、图片，也没有拓展字段。
使用合约 TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM 可以直接实现这个功能。

1、水龙头（devnet 环境）

免费领取 solana
https://faucet.solana.com/

• Mainnet - https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com
• Devnet - https://api.devnet.solana.com
• Testnet - https://api.testnet.solana.com

2、Solana Playground

https://beta.solpg.io/

2.1、选择环境

选择 devnet

3、基于 Solana Playground （pg模式）发行自定义参数的代币

3.1、账户体系

需要注意的是，Solana 的账户体系在发币过程需要三个账号。
你的登录账号（用于付费）-代币账号-关联账号（用于承接发行的额度）
https://solana.com/docs/core/tokens
下面代码选择的是：

3.2、代码

直接粘贴到 https://beta.solpg.io/660cea45cffcf4b13384d012 覆盖即可运行

import * as web3 from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as token from "@solana/spl-token";import {Connection,Keypair,SystemProgram,Transaction,clusterApiUrl,sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {ExtensionType,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,createInitializeMintInstruction,getMintLen,createInitializeMetadataPointerInstruction,getMint,getMetadataPointerState,getTokenMetadata,TYPE_SIZE,LENGTH_SIZE,createMintToInstruction,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import {createInitializeInstruction,createUpdateFieldInstruction,createRemoveKeyInstruction,pack,TokenMetadata,
} from "@solana/spl-token-metadata";// Playground wallet
const payer = pg.wallet.keypair;// Connection to devnet cluster
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");// Transaction to send
let transaction: Transaction;
// Transaction signature returned from sent transaction
let transactionSignature: string;// Generate new keypair for Mint Account
const mintKeypair = Keypair.generate();
// Address for Mint Account
const mint = mintKeypair.publicKey;
// Decimals for Mint Account
const decimals = 2;
// Authority that can mint new tokens
const mintAuthority = pg.wallet.publicKey;
// Authority that can update token metadata
const updateAuthority = pg.wallet.publicKey;// Metadata to store in Mint Account
const metaData: TokenMetadata = {updateAuthority: updateAuthority,mint: mint,name: "TestDemoJJJ",symbol: "TestDemo JJJ",//uri: "https://profile-avatar.csdnimg.cn/b521ddb316d54ee0811a45941c53b042_bestcxx.jpg!1",uri: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-developers/opos-asset/main/assets/DeveloperPortal/metadata.json",additionalMetadata: [["namea", "aaa"],["ccc", "ddd"],],
};// Size of MetadataExtension 2 bytes for type, 2 bytes for length
const metadataExtension = TYPE_SIZE + LENGTH_SIZE;
// Size of metadata
const metadataLen = pack(metaData).length;// Size of Mint Account with extension
const mintLen = getMintLen([ExtensionType.MetadataPointer]);// Minimum lamports required for Mint Account
const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen + metadataExtension + metadataLen
);// Instruction to invoke System Program to create new account
const createAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({fromPubkey: payer.publicKey, // Account that will transfer lamports to created accountnewAccountPubkey: mint, // Address of the account to createspace: mintLen, // Amount of bytes to allocate to the created accountlamports, // Amount of lamports transferred to created accountprogramId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program assigned as owner of created account
});// Instruction to initialize the MetadataPointer Extension
const initializeMetadataPointerInstruction =createInitializeMetadataPointerInstruction(mint, // Mint Account addressupdateAuthority, // Authority that can set the metadata addressmint, // Account address that holds the metadataTOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID);// Instruction to initialize Mint Account data
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(mint, // Mint Account Addressdecimals, // Decimals of MintmintAuthority, // Designated Mint Authoritynull, // Optional Freeze AuthorityTOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token Extension Program ID
);// Instruction to initialize Metadata Account data
const initializeMetadataInstruction = createInitializeInstruction({programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token Extension Program as Metadata Programmetadata: mint, // Account address that holds the metadataupdateAuthority: updateAuthority, // Authority that can update the metadatamint: mint, // Mint Account addressmintAuthority: mintAuthority, // Designated Mint Authorityname: metaData.name,symbol: metaData.symbol,uri: metaData.uri,
});// Instruction to update metadata, adding custom field
const updateFieldInstruction = createUpdateFieldInstruction({programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token Extension Program as Metadata Programmetadata: mint, // Account address that holds the metadataupdateAuthority: updateAuthority, // Authority that can update the metadatafield: metaData.additionalMetadata[0][0], // keyvalue: metaData.additionalMetadata[0][1], // value
});const updateFieldInstruction1 = createUpdateFieldInstruction({programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token Extension Program as Metadata Programmetadata: mint, // Account address that holds the metadataupdateAuthority: updateAuthority, // Authority that can update the metadatafield: metaData.additionalMetadata[1][0], // keyvalue: metaData.additionalMetadata[1][1], // value
});// Add instructions to new transaction
transaction = new Transaction().add(createAccountInstruction,initializeMetadataPointerInstruction,initializeMintInstruction,initializeMetadataInstruction,updateFieldInstruction,updateFieldInstruction1
);// Send transaction
transactionSignature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,transaction,[payer, mintKeypair] // Signers
);console.log("\nCreate Mint Account:",`https://solana.fm/tx/${transactionSignature}?cluster=devnet-solana`
);// Retrieve mint information
const mintInfo = await getMint(connection,mint,"confirmed",TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);// Retrieve and log the metadata pointer state
const metadataPointer = getMetadataPointerState(mintInfo);
console.log("\nMetadata Pointer:", JSON.stringify(metadataPointer, null, 2));// Retrieve and log the metadata state
const metadata = await getTokenMetadata(connection,mint // Mint Account address
);
console.log("\nMetadata:", JSON.stringify(metadata, null, 2));// // Instruction to remove a key from the metadata
// const removeKeyInstruction = createRemoveKeyInstruction({
//   programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token Extension Program as Metadata Program
//   metadata: mint, // Address of the metadata
//   updateAuthority: updateAuthority, // Authority that can update the metadata
//   key: metaData.additionalMetadata[0][0], // Key to remove from the metadata
//   idempotent: true, // If the idempotent flag is set to true, then the instruction will not error if the key does not exist
// });// Add instruction to new transaction
//transaction = new Transaction().add(removeKeyInstruction);// Send transaction
// transactionSignature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
//   connection,
//   transaction,
//   [payer]
// );// console.log(
//   "\nRemove Additional Metadata Field:",
//   `https://solana.fm/tx/${transactionSignature}?cluster=devnet-solana`
// );//Retrieve and log the metadata state
const updatedMetadata = await getTokenMetadata(connection,mint // Mint Account address
);
console.log("\nUpdated Metadata:", JSON.stringify(updatedMetadata, null, 2));console.log("\nMint Account:",`https://solana.fm/address/${mint}?cluster=devnet-solana`
);//todo-begin
try {// const transaction = await buildCreateAssociatedTokenAccountTransaction(//   payer.publicKey,//   mint// );const associatedTokenAddress = await token.getAssociatedTokenAddress(mint,payer.publicKey,false,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // 使用SPL Token 2022的程序ID);console.log("build associatedTokenAddress:",associatedTokenAddress.toBase58());const transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(token.createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(payer.publicKey,associatedTokenAddress,payer.publicKey,mint,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // 使用SPL Token 2022的程序ID));// 指定交易的最近区块哈希transaction.recentBlockhash = (await connection.getLatestBlockhash()).blockhash;// 添加签署者transaction.feePayer = payer.publicKey;// 签名交易transaction.sign(payer);// 发送并确认交易const transactionSignature = await connection.sendRawTransaction(transaction.serialize());await connection.confirmTransaction(transactionSignature);console.log("buildCreateAssociatedTokenAccountTransaction Transaction successful with signature:",transactionSignature);console.log("\nbuildCreateAssociatedTokenAccountTransaction:",`https://solana.fm/tx/${transactionSignature}?cluster=devnet-solana`);//todo-end//todo-beginconst instruction = createMintToInstruction(mint,associatedTokenAddress, // 改为使用关联代币账户地址mintAuthority, // mint authority 要确保这已被正确设置为 `mint` 的授权者1000000000,[],TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID);var transaction2 = new Transaction().add(instruction);// 指定交易的最近区块哈希transaction2.recentBlockhash = (await connection.getLatestBlockhash()).blockhash;// 添加签署者transaction2.feePayer = payer.publicKey;// 签名交易transaction2.sign(payer);// 发送并确认交易var transactionSignature2 = await connection.sendRawTransaction(transaction2.serialize());await connection.confirmTransaction(transactionSignature2);console.log("mintTo Transaction successful with signature:",transactionSignature2);console.log("\nmintTo:",`https://solana.fm/tx/${transactionSignature2}?cluster=devnet-solana`);//todo-end
} catch (error) {console.error("Error creating associated token account:", error);
}// function
async function buildCreateAssociatedTokenAccountTransaction(payer: web3.PublicKey,mint: web3.PublicKey
): Promise<web3.Transaction> {const associatedTokenAddress = await token.getAssociatedTokenAddress(mint,payer,false,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // 使用SPL Token 2022的程序ID);const transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(token.createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(payer,associatedTokenAddress,payer,mint,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // 使用SPL Token 2022的程序ID));return transaction;
}

4、浏览器& Phantom钱包 展示代币图片

4.1、 浏览器和钱包展示的图片来自特定 uri 返回的 json 中的特定字段。

• Phantom 钱包(谷歌浏览器安装插件)：
  

• 浏览器
  https://explorer.solana.com/address/Fg6t4x38NuxN**********zdhs?cluster=devnet
  

4.2、需要怎么做？

需要提供一个可以公开访问的 url，返回固定信息的 json
比如 ：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-developers/opos-asset/main/assets/DeveloperPortal/metadata.json

{"name": "OPOS","symbol": "OPOS","description": "Only Possible On Solana","image": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-developers/opos-asset/main/assets/DeveloperPortal/image.png","attributes": [{"trait_type": "Item","value": "Developer Portal"}]}

应用方法是，把这个 url 传入到创建代币的入参uri 中

// Metadata to store in Mint Account
const metaData: TokenMetadata = {updateAuthority: updateAuthority,mint: mint,name: "TestDemoJJJ",symbol: "TestDemo JJJ",//uri: "https://profile-avatar.csdnimg.cn/b521ddb316d54ee0811a45941c53b042_bestcxx.jpg!1",uri: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-developers/opos-asset/main/assets/DeveloperPortal/metadata.json",additionalMetadata: [["namea", "aaa"],["ccc", "ddd"],],
};

5、更多 api 接口

https://solana.com/zh/docs/rpc/http/gettokenaccountsbyowner#code-sample
https://solana.com/zh/docs/rpc/http/getsupply