python实现基于Windows系统计算器程序

Python实现Windows系统计算器程序（含高级功能）

下面我将介绍如何使用Python创建一个功能完整的Windows风格计算器程序，包含基本运算和高级数学功能。

1. 使用Tkinter实现基础计算器

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import mathclass Calculator:def __init__(self, root):self.root = rootself.root.title("高级计算器")self.root.geometry("400x550")self.root.resizable(False, False)# 当前输入和结果self.current_input = ""self.previous_input = ""self.operation = Noneself.reset_input = False# 创建界面self.create_widgets()def create_widgets(self):# 显示框self.display_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)self.display_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, padx=10, pady=10)self.expression_var = tk.StringVar()self.expression_label = ttk.Label(self.display_frame, textvariable=self.expression_var,font=("Arial", 18),anchor=tk.E)self.expression_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)self.result_var = tk.StringVar()self.result_label = ttk.Label(self.display_frame, textvariable=self.result_var,font=("Arial", 28, "bold"),anchor=tk.E,foreground="blue")self.result_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 按钮框架self.buttons_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)self.buttons_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 按钮布局buttons = [("C", 0, 0, "#FF9500", self.clear_all),("⌫", 0, 1, "#FF9500", self.delete_last),("÷", 0, 2, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("/")),("×", 0, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("*")),("7", 1, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("7")),("8", 1, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("8")),("9", 1, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("9")),("-", 1, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("-")),("4", 2, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("4")),("5", 2, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("5")),("6", 2, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("6")),("+", 2, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("+")),("1", 3, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("1")),("2", 3, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("2")),("3", 3, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("3")),("=", 3, 3, "#4CD964", self.calculate),("0", 4, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("0")),(".", 4, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(".")),("(", 4, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),(")", 4, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")),# 高级功能按钮("sin", 5, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.sin(")),("cos", 5, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.cos(")),("tan", 5, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.tan(")),("log", 5, 3, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.log10(")),("√", 6, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.sqrt(")),("x²", 6, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**2")),("x³", 6, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**3")),("π", 6, 3, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str(math.pi))),("e", 7, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str(math.e))),("x^y", 7, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**")),("(", 7, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),(")", 7, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")),("Ans", 8, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str(self.previous_result))),("1/x", 8, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("1/(" + self.current_input + ")")),("n!", 8, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.factorial(int(" + self.current_input + "))" if self.current_input.isdigit() else "")),("(", 8, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),]# 创建按钮for (text, row, col, color, command) in buttons:button = ttk.Button(self.buttons_frame,text=text,command=command)if text.isdigit() or text in [".", "+", "-", "*", "/", "(", ")", "^"]:button.configure(style="Number.TButton")elif text in ["sin", "cos", "tan", "log", "√", "x²", "x³", "Ans", "1/x", "n!"]:button.configure(style="Function.TButton")else:button.configure(style="Operator.TButton")button.grid(row=row, column=col, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=5)# 配置网格权重self.buttons_frame.grid_rowconfigure(row, weight=1)self.buttons_frame.grid_columnconfigure(col, weight=1)# 设置按钮样式style = ttk.Style()style.configure("TButton", font=("Arial", 14))style.map("TButton",foreground=[('pressed', 'white'), ('active', '#007AFF')],background=[('pressed', '#007AFF'), ('active', '#007AFF')],relief=[('pressed', 'flat'), ('active', 'flat')])style.configure("Number.TButton", background="#F2F2F7")style.configure("Operator.TButton", background="#FF9500", foreground="white")style.configure("Function.TButton", background="#5856D6", foreground="white")# 计算结果变量self.previous_result = 0def add_number(self, number):if self.reset_input:self.current_input = ""self.reset_input = Falseif number == "." and "." in self.current_input:returnself.current_input += numberself.expression_var.set(self.current_input)def add_operation(self, operation):if self.current_input == "" and self.previous_input == "":returnif self.previous_input:self.calculate()self.operation = operationelse:self.operation = operationself.previous_input = self.current_inputself.current_input = ""self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input + " " + operation)def add_function(self, function):if self.reset_input:self.current_input = ""self.reset_input = False# 检查是否需要添加括号if not (self.current_input.endswith(")") or self.current_input == ""):self.current_input += ")"self.current_input += functionif not self.current_input.endswith(")"):self.current_input += "("self.expression_var.set(self.current_input)def clear_all(self):self.current_input = ""self.previous_input = ""self.operation = Noneself.reset_input = Falseself.expression_var.set("")self.result_var.set("")def delete_last(self):if self.current_input:self.current_input = self.current_input[:-1]self.expression_var.set(self.current_input if self.current_input else "")elif self.previous_input:self.previous_input = self.previous_input[:-1]self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input if self.previous_input else "")def calculate(self):try:# 替换x为*用于计算expression = self.current_input.replace("^", "**")# 处理特殊函数if "sin(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("sin(", "math.sin(")if "cos(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("cos(", "math.cos(")if "tan(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("tan(", "math.tan(")if "log(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("log(", "math.log10(")if "√(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("√(", "math.sqrt(")result = eval(expression, {"math": math})self.previous_input = str(result)self.current_input = str(result)self.expression_var.set(str(result))self.result_var.set("=" + str(result))self.previous_result = resultself.reset_input = Trueexcept Exception as e:self.expression_var.set("错误")self.result_var.set("")self.current_input = ""self.previous_input = ""self.reset_input = False@propertydef current_input(self):return self._current_input@current_input.setterdef current_input(self, value):self._current_input = value# 创建主窗口并运行计算器
if __name__ == "__main__":import mathroot = tk.Tk()calculator = Calculator(root)# 添加自定义样式style = ttk.Style()style.theme_use('clam')root.mainloop()

2. 高级功能实现

2.1 科学计算功能

上述代码已经实现了以下高级功能：

• 三角函数：sin, cos, tan
• 对数函数：log10
• 平方根：√
• 幂运算：x², x³, x^y
• 常数：π, e
• 阶乘：n!
• 反函数：1/x

2.2 历史记录功能（扩展）

要添加历史记录功能，可以修改代码如下：

class Calculator:def __init__(self, root):# ... 其他初始化代码 ...self.history = []  # 存储计算历史def calculate(self):try:# ... 计算代码 ...# 添加到历史记录if self.previous_input and self.operation and self.current_input:expression = f"{self.previous_input} {self.operation} {self.current_input}"self.history.append((expression, str(result)))if len(self.history) > 10:  # 限制历史记录数量self.history.pop(0)# ... 其他代码 ...except Exception as e:# ... 错误处理代码 ...def show_history(self):# 创建新窗口显示历史记录history_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root)history_window.title("计算历史")history_window.geometry("350x400")history_text = tk.Text(history_window, font=("Arial", 12))history_text.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)for expr, res in self.history:history_text.insert(tk.END, f"{expr} = {res}\n")history_text.config(state=tk.DISABLED)

2.3 图形绘制功能（扩展）

要添加函数图形绘制功能，可以使用matplotlib：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAggclass Calculator:# ... 其他代码 ...def plot_function(self):function_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root)function_window.title("函数绘图")function_window.geometry("600x500")# 创建输入框input_frame = ttk.Frame(function_window)input_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=10, pady=10)ttk.Label(input_frame, text="输入函数 (使用x作为变量):").pack(side=tk.LEFT)function_entry = ttk.Entry(input_frame, width=30)function_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)function_entry.insert(0, "math.sin(x)")  # 默认函数# 创建绘图区域fig_frame = ttk.Frame(function_window)fig_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 5))canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=fig_frame)canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 绘制按钮def draw_plot():try:func_str = function_entry.get()x = np.linspace(-10, 10, 400)y = eval(func_str, {"math": math, "x": x, "np": np})ax.clear()ax.plot(x, y)ax.set_title(f"y = {func_str}")ax.grid(True)canvas.draw()except Exception as e:messagebox.showerror("错误", f"无法绘制函数: {str(e)}")ttk.Button(function_window, text="绘制", command=draw_plot).pack(pady=5)

3. 完整功能整合

将上述功能整合到一个完整的计算器程序中：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
import math
import numpy as npclass AdvancedCalculator:def __init__(self, root):self.root = rootself.root.title("高级科学计算器")self.root.geometry("500x650")self.root.resizable(False, False)self.current_input = ""self.previous_input = ""self.operation = Noneself.reset_input = Falseself.history = []self.create_widgets()def create_widgets(self):# 显示框self.display_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)self.display_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, padx=10, pady=10)self.expression_var = tk.StringVar()self.expression_label = ttk.Label(self.display_frame, textvariable=self.expression_var,font=("Arial", 14),anchor=tk.E)self.expression_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)self.result_var = tk.StringVar()self.result_label = ttk.Label(self.display_frame, textvariable=self.result_var,font=("Arial", 24, "bold"),anchor=tk.E,foreground="blue")self.result_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 按钮框架self.buttons_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)self.buttons_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 按钮布局buttons = [# 第一行("C", 0, 0, "#FF9500", self.clear_all),("⌫", 0, 1, "#FF9500", self.delete_last),("÷", 0, 2, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("/")),("×", 0, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("*")),# 第二行("7", 1, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("7")),("8", 1, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("8")),("9", 1, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("9")),("-", 1, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("-")),# 第三行("4", 2, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("4")),("5", 2, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("5")),("6", 2, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("6")),("+", 2, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("+")),# 第四行("1", 3, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("1")),("2", 3, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("2")),("3", 3, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("3")),("=", 3, 3, "#4CD964", self.calculate),# 第五行("0", 4, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("0")),(".", 4, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(".")),("(", 4, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),(")", 4, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")),# 第六行 - 高级功能("sin", 5, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.sin(")),("cos", 5, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.cos(")),("tan", 5, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.tan(")),("log", 5, 3, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.log10(")),# 第七行("√", 6, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.sqrt(")),("x²", 6, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**2")),("x³", 6, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**3")),("π", 6, 3, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str(math.pi))),# 第八行("e", 7, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str(math.e))),("x^y", 7, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**")),("(", 7, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),(")", 7, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")),# 第九行("Ans", 8, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str(self.previous_result))),("1/x", 8, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("1/(" + self.current_input + ")")),("n!", 8, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.factorial(int(" + self.current_input + "))" if self.current_input.isdigit() else "")),("Hist", 8, 3, "#5856D6", self.show_history),]# 创建按钮for (text, row, col, color, command) in buttons:button = ttk.Button(self.buttons_frame,text=text,command=command)if text.isdigit() or text in [".", "+", "-", "*", "/", "(", ")", "^"]:button.configure(style="Number.TButton")elif text in ["sin", "cos", "tan", "log", "√", "x²", "x³", "Ans", "1/x", "n!"]:button.configure(style="Function.TButton")elif text in ["Hist"]:button.configure(style="History.TButton")else:button.configure(style="Operator.TButton")button.grid(row=row, column=col, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=5)# 配置网格权重self.buttons_frame.grid_rowconfigure(row, weight=1)self.buttons_frame.grid_columnconfigure(col, weight=1)# 设置按钮样式style = ttk.Style()style.configure("TButton", font=("Arial", 14))style.map("TButton",foreground=[('pressed', 'white'), ('active', '#007AFF')],background=[('pressed', '#007AFF'), ('active', '#007AFF')],relief=[('pressed', 'flat'), ('active', 'flat')])style.configure("Number.TButton", background="#F2F2F7")style.configure("Operator.TButton", background="#FF9500", foreground="white")style.configure("Function.TButton", background="#5856D6", foreground="white")style.configure("History.TButton", background="#8E8E93", foreground="white")# 计算结果变量self.previous_result = 0def add_number(self, number):if self.reset_input:self.current_input = ""self.reset_input = Falseif number == "." and "." in self.current_input:returnself.current_input += numberself.expression_var.set(self.current_input)def add_operation(self, operation):if self.current_input == "" and self.previous_input == "":returnif self.previous_input:self.calculate()self.operation = operationelse:self.operation = operationself.previous_input = self.current_inputself.current_input = ""self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input + " " + operation)def add_function(self, function):if self.reset_input:self.current_input = ""self.reset_input = False# 检查是否需要添加括号if not (self.current_input.endswith(")") or self.current_input == ""):self.current_input += ")"self.current_input += functionif not self.current_input.endswith(")"):self.current_input += "("self.expression_var.set(self.current_input)def clear_all(self):self.current_input = ""self.previous_input = ""self.operation = Noneself.reset_input = Falseself.expression_var.set("")self.result_var.set("")def delete_last(self):if self.current_input:self.current_input = self.current_input[:-1]self.expression_var.set(self.current_input if self.current_input else "")elif self.previous_input:self.previous_input = self.previous_input[:-1]self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input if self.previous_input else "")def calculate(self):try:# 替换x为*用于计算expression = self.current_input.replace("^", "**")# 处理特殊函数if "sin(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("sin(", "math.sin(")if "cos(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("cos(", "math.cos(")if "tan(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("tan(", "math.tan(")if "log(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("log(", "math.log10(")if "√(" in expression:expression = expression.replace("√(", "math.sqrt(")result = eval(expression, {"math": math})self.previous_input = str(result)self.current_input = str(result)self.expression_var.set(str(result))self.result_var.set("=" + str(result))self.previous_result = resultself.reset_input = True# 添加到历史记录if self.previous_input and self.operation and self.current_input:expr = f"{self.previous_input} {self.operation} {self.current_input}"self.history.append((expr, str(result)))if len(self.history) > 10:  # 限制历史记录数量self.history.pop(0)except Exception as e:self.expression_var.set("错误")self.result_var.set("")self.current_input = ""self.previous_input = ""self.reset_input = False@propertydef current_input(self):return self._current_input@current_input.setterdef current_input(self, value):self._current_input = valuedef show_history(self):history_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root)history_window.title("计算历史")history_window.geometry("400x400")history_text = tk.Text(history_window, font=("Arial", 12))history_text.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)for expr, res in self.history:history_text.insert(tk.END, f"{expr} = {res}\n")history_text.config(state=tk.DISABLED)# 创建主窗口并运行计算器
if __name__ == "__main__":import mathroot = tk.Tk()# 添加自定义样式style = ttk.Style()style.theme_use('clam')calculator = AdvancedCalculator(root)root.mainloop()

4. 功能说明

4.1 基本功能

• 支持加、减、乘、除基本运算
• 支持括号和小数点
• 清除(C)和删除(⌫)功能

4.2 高级科学计算功能

• 三角函数：sin, cos, tan
• 对数函数：log10
• 平方根：√
• 幂运算：x², x³, x^y
• 常数：π, e
• 阶乘：n!
• 反函数：1/x

4.3 额外功能

• 历史记录：记录最近10次计算
• Ans功能：使用上一次的计算结果

5. 扩展建议

1. ​​图形绘制功能​​：添加函数绘图功能，可以使用matplotlib集成
2. ​​单位转换​​：添加长度、重量、温度等单位转换功能
3. ​​方程求解​​：添加一元二次方程等求解功能
4. ​​统计计算​​：添加平均值、标准差等统计功能
5. ​​编程模式​​：添加自定义函数定义功能

这个计算器程序提供了完整的科学计算功能，界面简洁直观，适合学习和日常使用。