C++EasyX之五子棋PVP和PVE

以下是该C++ EasyX五子棋代码的详细解析：
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1 代码

1.1 全代码

#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <tuple>
#include <algorithm>using namespace std;// 游戏状态枚举
enum GameState { MAIN_MENU, DIFFICULTY_MENU, PLAYING, SHOP };
enum GameMode { PVP, PVE };
enum AIDifficulty { EASY, ORDINARY, DIFFICULT, VERY_DIFFICULT };// 全局变量
GameState gameState = MAIN_MENU;
GameMode gameMode = PVP;
AIDifficulty aiDifficulty = EASY;
bool vsAI = false;
int times = 0;
int coins = 0;
int board[15][15] = { 0 };
bool isBlack = true;
bool gameOver = false;// 棋盘参数
const int cellSize = 44;
const int boardSize = 14;
const int startX = (640 - cellSize * 14) / 2;
const int startY = 760 - cellSize * 14 - 10;// 函数声明
void DrawMainMenu();
void DrawDifficultyMenu();
void HandleMainMenuInput();
void HandleDifficultyInput();
void ResetGame();
void PlacePiece(int x, int y);
void EasyAI();
void OrdinaryAI();
void DifficultAI();
void VeryDifficultAI();void init() {initgraph(640, 760);setbkcolor(RGB(255, 240, 200));cleardevice();setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);settextcolor(BLACK);setlinecolor(BLACK);setfillcolor(BLACK);settextstyle(20, 0, L"Arial");
}void DrawCenteredText(int x, int y, int width, int height, const wchar_t* str) {int textWidth = textwidth(str);int textHeight = textheight(str);int tx = x + (width - textWidth) / 2;int ty = y + (height - textHeight) / 2;outtextxy(tx, ty, str);
}void DrawBoard() {setlinecolor(BLACK);for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i) {line(startX + i * cellSize, startY, startX + i * cellSize, startY + cellSize * 14);line(startX, startY + i * cellSize, startX + cellSize * 14, startY + i * cellSize);}const int starPos[5][2] = { {3,3}, {3,11}, {11,3}, {11,11}, {7,7} };for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {int x = startX + starPos[i][0] * cellSize;int y = startY + starPos[i][1] * cellSize;setfillcolor(BLACK);solidcircle(x, y, 5);}for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < 15; j++) {if (board[i][j] != 0) {int x = startX + i * cellSize;int y = startY + j * cellSize;setfillcolor(board[i][j] == 1 ? BLACK : WHITE);setlinecolor(DARKGRAY);fillcircle(x, y, 18);}}}
}void DrawValue() {setfillcolor(RGB(255, 245, 214));solidroundrect(10, 10, 200, 124, 5, 5);settextstyle(35, 0, _T("Arial"));DrawCenteredText(10, 10, 200, 60, L"TIMES");wchar_t timeStr[20];swprintf_s(timeStr, L"%d", times / 80);DrawCenteredText(10, 50, 200, 50, timeStr);solidroundrect(210, 10, 410, 124, 5, 5);settextstyle(35, 0, _T("Arial"));DrawCenteredText(210, 20, 200, 30,(vsAI && !isBlack) ? L"AI's turn" :(isBlack ? L"Black's turn" : L"White's turn"));
}// 新增菜单绘制函数
void DrawMainMenu() {setfillcolor(RGB(255, 245, 214));solidrectangle(0, 0, 640, 760);settextstyle(40, 0, _T("Arial"));settextcolor(BLACK);// 绘制标题DrawCenteredText(0, 100, 640, 100, L"GOBANG 1.0");// 绘制三个菜单按钮int baseY = 260;const wchar_t* menus[] = { L"PVP", L"PVE", L"STORE" };for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {setfillcolor(RGB(255, 222, 173));fillroundrect(220, baseY + i * 120, 420, baseY + i * 120 + 70, 10, 10);DrawCenteredText(220, baseY + i * 120, 200, 70, menus[i]);}
}void DrawDifficultyMenu() {setfillcolor(RGB(255, 245, 214));solidrectangle(0, 0, 640, 760);settextstyle(40, 0, _T("Arial"));DrawCenteredText(0, 100, 640, 100, L"CHOOSE AI DIFFICULTY");// 绘制四个难度按钮int baseY = 200;const wchar_t* diffs[] = { L"EASY AI", L"ORDINARY AI", L"DIFFICULT AI", L"COMING SOON" };for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {setfillcolor(RGB(255, 222, 173));fillroundrect(170, baseY + i * 100, 470, baseY + i * 100 + 70, 10, 10);DrawCenteredText(170, baseY + i * 100, 300, 70, diffs[i]);}
}// 输入处理函数
void HandleMainMenuInput() {ExMessage msg;if (peekmessage(&msg, EM_MOUSE)) {if (msg.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN) {// 检查PVP按钮点击if (msg.x >= 220 && msg.x <= 420) {if (msg.y >= 260 && msg.y <= 330) { // PVPgameMode = PVP;vsAI = false;gameState = PLAYING;ResetGame();}else if (msg.y >= 380 && msg.y <= 450) { // PVEgameState = DIFFICULTY_MENU;}}}}
}void HandleDifficultyInput() {ExMessage msg;if (peekmessage(&msg, EM_MOUSE)) {if (msg.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN) {if (msg.x >= 170 && msg.x <= 470) {int section = (msg.y - 200) / 100;if (section >= 0 && section < 4) {aiDifficulty = static_cast<AIDifficulty>(section);gameMode = PVE;vsAI = true;gameState = PLAYING;ResetGame();}}}}
}// 检查在(x, y)位置落子后，玩家是否获胜
bool CheckWin(int x, int y, int player) {// 定义四个检查方向：水平、垂直、右下对角线、左下对角线int dx[4] = { 1, 0, 1, 1 };  // x方向增量（右/下/右下/左下）int dy[4] = { 0, 1, 1, -1 }; // y方向增量（下/右/右下/左上）// 遍历四个主要方向（每个方向的正反都会被检查）for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {int count = 1;  // 当前连续棋子数，初始包含刚下的棋子// 正向检查：沿当前方向延伸int nx = x + dx[i], ny = y + dy[i];while (nx >= 0 && nx < 15 && ny >= 0 && ny < 15 && board[nx][ny] == player) {count++;    // 统计连续棋子nx += dx[i]; // 继续沿当前方向移动ny += dy[i];}// 反向检查：沿相反方向延伸nx = x - dx[i], ny = y - dy[i];while (nx >= 0 && nx < 15 && ny >= 0 && ny < 15 && board[nx][ny] == player) {count++;nx -= dx[i]; // 沿反方向移动ny -= dy[i];}// 任意方向连续五子即获胜if (count >= 5) return true;}return false;  // 所有方向均未达到五子连线
}void PlacePiece(int x, int y) {if (board[x][y] == 0) {board[x][y] = isBlack ? 1 : 2;if (CheckWin(x, y, board[x][y])) {gameOver = true;wchar_t msgText[50];settextcolor(BLACK);swprintf_s(msgText, L"%s WIN!",(board[x][y] == 1 ? L"BLACK" : L"WHITE"));settextstyle(40, 0, _T("Arial"));DrawCenteredText(0, 0, 640, 720, msgText);FlushBatchDraw();Sleep(1000);}isBlack = !isBlack;}
}int lx = 0, ly = 0;void HandleGameInput() {ExMessage msg;if (peekmessage(&msg, EM_MOUSE)) {if (msg.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN && !gameOver) {int x = (msg.x - startX + cellSize / 2) / cellSize;int y = (msg.y - startY + cellSize / 2) / cellSize;lx = x, ly = y;if (x >= 0 && x < 15 && y >= 0 && y < 15) {PlacePiece(x, y);}}}
}void ResetGame() {memset(board, 0, sizeof(board));isBlack = true;gameOver = false;times = 0;
}void EasyAI() {vector<pair<int, int>> available;for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < 15; ++j) {if (board[i][j] == 0) {available.emplace_back(i, j);}}}if (!available.empty()) {int index = rand() % available.size();int x = available[index].first;int y = available[index].second;PlacePiece(x, y);}
}bool CanWin(int x, int y, int player) {if (board[x][y] != 0) return false;board[x][y] = player;bool win = CheckWin(x, y, player);board[x][y] = 0;return win;
}
// 新增威胁评估函数（需要放在OrdinaryAI之前）
int EvaluateThreat(int x, int y, int player) {if (board[x][y] != 0) return 0;const int dirs[4][2] = { {1,0}, {0,1}, {1,1}, {1,-1} };int maxThreat = 0;for (auto& dir : dirs) {int dx = dir[0], dy = dir[1];int length = 1;int openEnds = 0;bool blocked[2] = { false, false };// 正向延伸int px = x + dx, py = y + dy;while (px >= 0 && px < 15 && py >= 0 && py < 15) {if (board[px][py] == player) {length++;px += dx;py += dy;}else {if (board[px][py] == 0) openEnds++;else blocked[0] = true;break;}}if (!blocked[0] && px >= 0 && px < 15 && py >= 0 && py < 15) openEnds++;// 反向延伸px = x - dx, py = y - dy;while (px >= 0 && px < 15 && py >= 0 && py < 15) {if (board[px][py] == player) {length++;px -= dx;py -= dy;}else {if (board[px][py] == 0) openEnds++;else blocked[1] = true;break;}}if (!blocked[1] && px >= 0 && px < 15 && py >= 0 && py < 15) openEnds++;// 威胁评估规则if (length >= 4 && openEnds > 0) {      // 活四/冲四return 10000;  // 最高优先级}else if (length == 3) {if (openEnds >= 2) {  // 活三maxThreat = max(maxThreat, 5000);}else if (openEnds == 1) {  // 眠三maxThreat = max(maxThreat, 2000);}}else if (length == 2) {if (openEnds >= 2) {  // 活二maxThreat = max(maxThreat, 1000);}}}return maxThreat;
}// 改进后的OrdinaryAI
void OrdinaryAI() {vector<pair<int, int>> threats;// 1. 检查自己是否能直接获胜for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < 15; ++j) {if (board[i][j] == 0 && CanWin(i, j, 2)) {PlacePiece(i, j);return;}}}// 2. 检测玩家威胁并收集int maxThreatLevel = 0;for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < 15; ++j) {if (board[i][j] == 0) {int threat = EvaluateThreat(i, j, 1); // 检查玩家威胁if (threat > maxThreatLevel) {maxThreatLevel = threat;threats.clear();threats.emplace_back(i, j);}else if (threat == maxThreatLevel && threat > 0) {threats.emplace_back(i, j);}}}}// 3. 处理威胁if (!threats.empty()) {// 选择威胁最大的位置int index = rand() % threats.size();int x = threats[index].first;int y = threats[index].second;PlacePiece(x, y);return;}// 4. 随机落子作为保底EasyAI();
}int EvaluatePosition(int x, int y, int player) {if (board[x][y] != 0) return 0;int score = 0;const int dirs[4][2] = { {1,0}, {0,1}, {1,1}, {1,-1} };for (auto& dir : dirs) {int dx = dir[0], dy = dir[1];int count = 1;int openEnds = 0;// Positive directionint px = x + dx, py = y + dy;bool blocked = false;while (px >= 0 && px < 15 && py >= 0 && py < 15) {if (board[px][py] == player) {count++;px += dx;py += dy;}else {if (board[px][py] == 0) openEnds++;else blocked = true;break;}}if (!blocked) openEnds++;// Negative directionpx = x - dx, py = y - dy;blocked = false;while (px >= 0 && px < 15 && py >= 0 && py < 15) {if (board[px][py] == player) {count++;px -= dx;py -= dy;}else {if (board[px][py] == 0) openEnds++;else blocked = true;break;}}if (!blocked) openEnds++;// Scoringif (count >= 5) {score += 1000000;}else if (count == 4) {if (openEnds >= 2) score += 10000;else if (openEnds == 1) score += 1000;}else if (count == 3) {if (openEnds >= 2) score += 500;else if (openEnds == 1) score += 200;}else if (count == 2) {if (openEnds >= 2) score += 100;else if (openEnds == 1) score += 50;}}return score;
}void DifficultAI() {int maxScore = -1;vector<pair<int, int>> bestMoves;for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < 15; ++j) {if (board[i][j] == 0) {int score = EvaluatePosition(i, j, 2) + EvaluatePosition(i, j, 1) * 0.8;if (score > maxScore) {maxScore = score;bestMoves.clear();bestMoves.emplace_back(i, j);}else if (score == maxScore) {bestMoves.emplace_back(i, j);}}}}if (!bestMoves.empty()) {int index = rand() % bestMoves.size();int x = bestMoves[index].first;int y = bestMoves[index].second;PlacePiece(x, y);}else {EasyAI();}
}int main() {init();BeginBatchDraw();srand(GetTickCount());while (true) {cleardevice();switch (gameState) {case MAIN_MENU:DrawMainMenu();HandleMainMenuInput();break;case DIFFICULTY_MENU:DrawDifficultyMenu();HandleDifficultyInput();break;case PLAYING: {HandleGameInput();if (!isBlack && vsAI && !gameOver) {switch (aiDifficulty) {case EASY: EasyAI(); break;case ORDINARY: OrdinaryAI(); break;case DIFFICULT: DifficultAI(); break;//case VERY_DIFFICULT: VeryDifficultAI(); break;}}DrawBoard();DrawValue();if (gameOver) {FlushBatchDraw();if (MessageBox(GetHWnd(), L"再来一局？", L"游戏结束", MB_YESNO) == IDYES) {ResetGame();}else {gameState = MAIN_MENU;}}break;}case SHOP:// 商店实现（示例）settextstyle(40, 0, _T("Arial"));settextcolor(BLACK);DrawCenteredText(0, 300, 640, 100, L"商店功能开发中...");break;}FlushBatchDraw();Sleep(10);times++;}EndBatchDraw();closegraph();return 0;
}

1.2 分析

一、代码结构分析

1. 全局变量与枚举

enum GameState { MAIN_MENU, DIFFICULTY_MENU, PLAYING, SHOP };
enum GameMode { PVP, PVE };
enum AIDifficulty { EASY, ORDINARY, DIFFICULT, VERY_DIFFICULT };int board[15][15] = { 0 };  // 15x15棋盘
bool isBlack = true;         // 当前落子方

• 定义了游戏状态、模式和AI难度枚举
• 使用15x15数组存储棋盘状态（0=空，1=黑棋，2=白棋）

2. 图形初始化

void init() {initgraph(640, 760); // 创建640x760窗口setbkcolor(RGB(255, 240, 200)); // 浅黄色背景setbkmode(TRANSPARENT); // 文字透明背景
}

• 使用EasyX创建图形窗口
• 设置棋盘背景色和文字样式

3. 棋盘绘制

void DrawBoard() {// 绘制棋盘线for (int i=0; i<15; i++) {line(startX + i*cellSize, startY, ...);}// 绘制星位标记const int starPos[5][2] = {{3,3}, {3,11}, ...};// 绘制棋子if(board[i][j] != 0) fillcircle(x, y, 18);
}

• 动态计算棋盘起始位置(startX, startY)
• 使用cellSize=44控制格子大小
• 绘制传统五子棋的5个星位

4. 游戏逻辑

bool CheckWin(int x, int y, int player) {// 检查四个方向的连续棋子int dx[4] = {1,0,1,1}; // 检查方向for(每个方向){while(正向计数)...while(反向计数)...if(count >=5) return true;}
}

• 使用经典的四方向检测算法
• 双向延伸检查连续棋子

二、AI实现分析

1. 简单AI（EasyAI）

void EasyAI() {vector<pair<int, int>> available;// 收集所有空位int index = rand() % available.size(); // 随机选择
}

• 完全随机落子
• 无策略性

2. 普通AI（OrdinaryAI）

void OrdinaryAI() {// 1. 检查自己是否能直接胜利for(所有空位){if(CanWin(i,j,2)) 落子;}// 2. 评估玩家威胁int threat = EvaluateThreat(i,j,1);// 3. 处理最高威胁位置
}

• 使用威胁评估函数EvaluateThreat
• 优先阻止玩家形成活四、冲四等危险棋型

3. 困难AI（DifficultAI）

int EvaluatePosition(int x, int y, int player) {// 评估该位置对player的价值// 考虑四个方向的连子情况// 计算开放度、连子数等
}

• 综合评估位置价值
• 平衡进攻与防守
• 计算己方得分 + 0.8倍敌方得分

三、用户交互设计

1. 菜单系统

void DrawMainMenu() {// 绘制三个按钮：PVP、PVE、商店fillroundrect(220,260,420,330,10,10);
}
void HandleMainMenuInput() {// 检测鼠标点击区域if(msg.y在260-330区间) 进入PVP;
}

• 使用圆角矩形按钮
• 通过鼠标坐标判断选项

2. 游戏界面

void DrawValue() {// 显示回合数、当前玩家solidroundrect(10,10,200,124,5,5); // 信息面板
}

• 顶部显示游戏状态信息
• 使用柔和色系提升视觉体验

四、代码特点总结

1. 优点

• 模块化设计：各功能函数划分清晰
• 可扩展的AI架构：通过枚举实现多难度
• 完整的游戏流程：包含菜单→游戏→结束循环
• 友好的UI设计：使用抗锯齿图形和柔和配色

2. 待改进点

• 商店功能未实现（SHOP状态空置）
• 最高难度AI未完成（VERY_DIFFICULT）
• 缺乏音效和动画效果
• 棋盘坐标转换存在潜在越界风险

五、运行效果示意

主菜单界面
---------------------GOBANG 1.0
[ PVP ]  [ PVE ]  [商店]
---------------------
游戏界面
---------------------
棋盘居中显示
顶部状态栏显示当前玩家
支持鼠标点击落子
AI自动响应（PVE模式）
---------------------

该代码实现了五子棋的核心玩法，适合作为教学示例或进一步开发的基础框架。通过扩展AI算法和添加新功能（如网络对战），可以提升项目的完整性和实用性。

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