精确截图工具：基于 Tkinter 和 PyAutoGUI 的实现

在日常工作中，截图是一个非常常见的需求。虽然 Windows 自带截图工具，但有时我们需要更精确的截图方式，比如选取特定区域、快速保存截图并进行预览。本篇博客将介绍一个使用 Python 结合 Tkinter 和 PyAutoGUI 开发的精确截图工具。
C:\pythoncode\new\manageimages.py

运行结果

全部代码

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import pyautogui
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageGrab
import os
from datetime import datetime
import timeclass ImprovedScreenshotTool:def __init__(self):# Create the main windowself.root = tk.Tk()self.root.title("精确截图工具")self.root.geometry("400x200")self.root.resizable(False, False)# Center the windowself.center_window()# Create a frame for the controlscontrol_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)control_frame.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X)# Create and place the screenshot buttonself.screenshot_btn = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="开始截图",width=20,command=self.prepare_screenshot)self.screenshot_btn.pack(pady=10)# Status labelself.status_label = ttk.Label(control_frame, text="就绪")self.status_label.pack(pady=5)# Preview frameself.preview_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.root, text="最近截图预览")self.preview_frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)self.preview_label = ttk.Label(self.preview_frame)self.preview_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# Variables for region selectionself.start_x = 0self.start_y = 0self.end_x = 0self.end_y = 0# Save directorypictures_dir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Pictures")if os.path.exists(pictures_dir):self.save_dir = pictures_direlse:self.save_dir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Desktop")# Make sure the directory existsif not os.path.exists(self.save_dir):os.makedirs(self.save_dir)# Last saved fileself.last_saved_file = Nonedef center_window(self):# Get screen width and heightscreen_width = self.root.winfo_screenwidth()screen_height = self.root.winfo_screenheight()# Calculate positionx = (screen_width - 400) // 2y = (screen_height - 200) // 2# Set window positionself.root.geometry(f"400x200+{x}+{y}")def prepare_screenshot(self):# Update statusself.status_label.config(text="准备截图...")self.root.update()  # Force UI update# Minimize windowself.root.withdraw()# Wait a moment for UI to updateself.root.after(500, self.take_screenshot)def take_screenshot(self):# Create overlay window for selectionoverlay = ScreenshotOverlay(self)self.root.wait_window(overlay.overlay)# If cancelled, just return to normalif not hasattr(self, 'screenshot_region') or not self.screenshot_region:self.root.deiconify()self.status_label.config(text="已取消截图")return# Get the selection coordinatesx1, y1, x2, y2 = self.screenshot_region# Convert to proper coordinates (top-left, bottom-right)left = min(x1, x2)top = min(y1, y2)right = max(x1, x2)bottom = max(y1, y2)# Ensure minimum sizeif right - left < 5 or bottom - top < 5:self.root.deiconify()self.status_label.config(text="选择区域太小")return# Take screenshottry:# Wait a moment to ensure overlay is gonetime.sleep(0.3)# Capture the screen regionscreenshot = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, right-left, bottom-top))# Generate filenametimestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")filename = os.path.join(self.save_dir, f"screenshot_{timestamp}.png")# Save the screenshotscreenshot.save(filename)self.last_saved_file = filename# Update previewself.update_preview(screenshot)# Update statusself.status_label.config(text=f"截图已保存: {os.path.basename(filename)}")except Exception as e:self.status_label.config(text=f"截图错误: {str(e)}")# Show the main window againself.root.deiconify()def update_preview(self, image):# Resize for preview if neededpreview_width = 360preview_height = 100width, height = image.sizeratio = min(preview_width/width, preview_height/height)new_size = (int(width * ratio), int(height * ratio))resized = image.resize(new_size, Image.LANCZOS)# Convert to PhotoImagephoto = ImageTk.PhotoImage(resized)# Update labelself.preview_label.config(image=photo)self.preview_label.image = photo  # Keep a referencedef run(self):self.root.mainloop()class ScreenshotOverlay:def __init__(self, parent):self.parent = parent# Create fullscreen overlay windowself.overlay = tk.Toplevel()self.overlay.attributes('-fullscreen', True)self.overlay.attributes('-alpha', 0.3)self.overlay.attributes('-topmost', True)# Make it semi-transparent with dark backgroundself.overlay.configure(bg='black')# Add a canvas for drawingself.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.overlay,bg='#1a1a1a',highlightthickness=0,cursor="crosshair")self.canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# Variables for trackingself.start_x = Noneself.start_y = Noneself.rect_id = Noneself.magnifier_id = Noneself.coords_text_id = None# Instructions textself.canvas.create_text(self.overlay.winfo_screenwidth() // 2,50,text="单击并拖动鼠标选择截图区域 | 按ESC取消",fill="white",font=("Arial", 16))# Bind eventsself.canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_press)self.canvas.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_drag)self.canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_release)self.overlay.bind("<Escape>", self.on_cancel)# Take a full screenshot for the magnifierself.screen_image = pyautogui.screenshot()self.screen_array = np.array(self.screen_image)def on_press(self, event):# Record start positionself.start_x = event.xself.start_y = event.y# Create rectangleself.rect_id = self.canvas.create_rectangle(self.start_x, self.start_y, self.start_x, self.start_y,outline="#00ff00", width=2, fill="")# Create magnifier circleself.magnifier_id = self.canvas.create_oval(event.x - 50, event.y - 50,event.x + 50, event.y + 50,outline="#ffffff", width=2, fill="#333333")# Create coordinate displayself.coords_text_id = self.canvas.create_text(event.x, event.y - 60,text=f"({event.x}, {event.y})",fill="#ffffff",font=("Arial", 10))def on_drag(self, event):# Update rectangleself.canvas.coords(self.rect_id,self.start_x, self.start_y,event.x, event.y)# Update magnifier positionself.canvas.coords(self.magnifier_id,event.x - 50, event.y - 50,event.x + 50, event.y + 50)# Update coordinate displayself.canvas.coords(self.coords_text_id,event.x, event.y - 60)self.canvas.itemconfig(self.coords_text_id,text=f"({event.x}, {event.y}) | 大小: {abs(event.x - self.start_x)}x{abs(event.y - self.start_y)}")# Draw selection area with fill (using a valid color format)self.canvas.itemconfig(self.rect_id, fill="#22ff22"  # Changed to a valid semi-transparent green)def on_release(self, event):# Store the selection coordinates in the parentself.parent.screenshot_region = (self.start_x, self.start_y, event.x, event.y)# Close the overlayself.overlay.destroy()def on_cancel(self, event):# Reset parent's screenshot regionself.parent.screenshot_region = None# Close overlayself.overlay.destroy()if __name__ == "__main__":app = ImprovedScreenshotTool()app.run()

1. 工具介绍

该工具具有以下功能：

• 自定义截图区域：通过鼠标拖动选择截图区域。
• 自动保存截图：截图会自动保存到 Pictures 文件夹或桌面。
• 截图预览：最近一次截图会在工具界面中进行预览。
• 用户友好的操作提示：提供状态提示，让用户清楚当前操作。

2. 主要技术栈

本工具基于以下 Python 库实现：

• tkinter：用于构建 GUI 界面。
• pyautogui：用于屏幕截图。
• PIL (Pillow)：用于图像处理和预览。
• numpy：用于优化图像处理。
• datetime 和 os：用于管理文件存储。

3. 代码结构解析

3.1 主窗口的创建

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import pyautogui
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os
from datetime import datetime
import timeclass ImprovedScreenshotTool:def __init__(self):self.root = tk.Tk()self.root.title("精确截图工具")self.root.geometry("400x200")self.root.resizable(False, False)self.center_window()self.create_widgets()self.setup_save_directory()def center_window(self):screen_width = self.root.winfo_screenwidth()screen_height = self.root.winfo_screenheight()x = (screen_width - 400) // 2y = (screen_height - 200) // 2self.root.geometry(f"400x200+{x}+{y}")

功能解析：

• 创建 Tk 窗口，设置标题、大小并居中。
• center_window 方法用于获取屏幕尺寸并计算窗口居中位置。

3.2 创建 GUI 组件

    def create_widgets(self):control_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)control_frame.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X)self.screenshot_btn = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="开始截图", width=20, command=self.prepare_screenshot)self.screenshot_btn.pack(pady=10)self.status_label = ttk.Label(control_frame, text="就绪")self.status_label.pack(pady=5)self.preview_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.root, text="最近截图预览")self.preview_frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)self.preview_label = ttk.Label(self.preview_frame)self.preview_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

功能解析：

• 创建按钮 开始截图，绑定 prepare_screenshot 方法。
• 状态标签用于提示当前状态。
• preview_frame 用于显示最近截图的预览。

3.3 截图逻辑

    def prepare_screenshot(self):self.status_label.config(text="准备截图...")self.root.update()self.root.withdraw()self.root.after(500, self.take_screenshot)

功能解析：

• 按下截图按钮后，状态标签显示 “准备截图…”。
• withdraw() 让主窗口最小化，避免干扰截图。
• after(500, self.take_screenshot) 让窗口延迟 0.5 秒后调用 take_screenshot。

    def take_screenshot(self):overlay = ScreenshotOverlay(self)self.root.wait_window(overlay.overlay)if not hasattr(self, 'screenshot_region') or not self.screenshot_region:self.root.deiconify()self.status_label.config(text="已取消截图")returnx1, y1, x2, y2 = self.screenshot_regionleft, top = min(x1, x2), min(y1, y2)right, bottom = max(x1, x2), max(y1, y2)if right - left < 5 or bottom - top < 5:self.root.deiconify()self.status_label.config(text="选择区域太小")returntime.sleep(0.3)screenshot = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, right-left, bottom-top))filename = os.path.join(self.save_dir, f"screenshot_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}.png")screenshot.save(filename)self.last_saved_file = filenameself.update_preview(screenshot)self.status_label.config(text=f"截图已保存: {os.path.basename(filename)}")self.root.deiconify()

功能解析：

• ScreenshotOverlay 负责创建全屏幕覆盖窗口，允许用户选择截图区域。
• 获取选定区域的坐标，并检查区域大小是否有效。
• pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, width, height)) 实现精准截图。
• 保存截图并更新预览区域。

3.4 截图选择区域的实现

class ScreenshotOverlay:def __init__(self, parent):self.parent = parentself.overlay = tk.Toplevel()self.overlay.attributes('-fullscreen', True)self.overlay.attributes('-alpha', 0.3)self.overlay.attributes('-topmost', True)self.overlay.configure(bg='black')self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.overlay, bg='#1a1a1a', highlightthickness=0, cursor="crosshair")self.canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)self.canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_press)self.canvas.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_drag)self.canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_release)self.overlay.bind("<Escape>", self.on_cancel)

功能解析：

• 创建全屏幕透明窗口，允许用户使用鼠标选择截图区域。
• 监听鼠标点击 (on_press)、拖动 (on_drag)、释放 (on_release) 事件。