当前位置：首页 > news >正文

Linux(Centos 7.6)yum源配置

news 来源：原创 2025/5/20 14:49:49

yum是rpm包的管理工具，可以自动安装、升级、删除软件包的功能，可以自动解决软件包之间的依赖关系，使得用户更方便软件包的管理。要使用yum必须要进行配置，个人将其分为三类，本地yum源、局域网yum源、第三方yum源，其说明配置如下：

1.本地yum源配置

1.1.上传iso镜像文件

连接Linux(Centos 7.6)，点击SFTP图标按钮弹出FTP传输界面，左边为Windows系统文件目录，找到对应版本的iso镜像文件，双击或者拖拽上传镜像iso文件，下方可以看到百分比长传进度。

1.2.挂载iso镜像文件

先创建一个挂载镜像的目录，然后使用mount命令将镜像挂载到该目录(注：仅只读挂载)。

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/iso
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1810.iso /mnt/iso
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

1.3.本地yum源配置文件配置

1.yum源配置文件在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下，存在系统自带的源，此源需要连接外网，就算连接外网也很有可能不能使用，可备份到目录，或者可以直接删除(删除命令：rm -rf CentOS*)。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir yumbak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-* yumbak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 187 Dec 24 18:55 yumbak

2.创建新本地yum源配置文件。

[iso]：中括号是一个仓库开始标识

name：yum源仓库名称

baseurl：定义yum源仓库的URL串，可以是本地(file://)，可以是远程(http://)

gpgkey：用于验证yum源仓库中包签名的GPG密钥的URL串，在挂载目录/mnt/iso可以看到

gpgcheck：是否启动对该仓库下载的包进行GPG签名检查，1启动，0禁用

enabled：是否启用该仓库，1启动，0禁用

priority：优先级，多个仓库时优先级配置

failovermethod：该参数设置为priority(默认值)，表示从baseurl列表中顺序选择镜像地址，设置为roundrobin表示在baseurl列出中随机选择镜像地址。

注：一个repo配置文件可以配置多个仓库，每个仓库以[仓库名称]开始，直到下一个[仓库名称]前结束，也可以配置多个repo文件。

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi local.repo   # vi一个新文件，文件中内容如下
[iso]
name=iso
baseurl=file:///mnt/iso
gpgkey=file:///mnt/iso/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
priority=1

1.4.使得yum源生效

1.清空yum源缓存

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: iso
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

2.重新生成yum源缓存，提示Metadata Cache Created标识成功

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
iso                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): iso/group_gz                                                                     | 166 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): iso/filelists_db                                                                 | 7.1 MB  00:00:00     
(3/4): iso/primary_db                                                                   | 6.0 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): iso/other_db                                                                     | 2.6 MB  00:00:00     
Metadata Cache Created

1.5.yum源安装试用

1.检查yum源是否有tree包

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum search tree
... ...
tree.x86_64 : File system tree viewer
... ...

2.检查Linux(Centos 7.6)系统是否安装了tree包(没有任何输出则没有安装该包)

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep tree
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

2.yum源安装tree包(中间会提示确认信息，输入y继续安装，也可以直接执行yum install -y tree)

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install tree
... ...
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y        # 此处会提示信息
... ...
Installed:tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7                                                                                   Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep tree    # 安装后检查本Linux已经安装tree包
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

2.局域网yum源配置

如果每个Linux(Centos 7.6)都配置本地yum，那么每台服务器都需要上传镜像文件，且都会占用镜像文件的磁盘空间。所以就算是不可上网的局域网，我们也可以配置局域网内的远程的yum源。

配置方法是在本地yum源基础上，使用httpd服务来实现。

2.1.检查安装httpd服务

1.查看httpd服务没有安装，检查本地yum源里面是否有httpd包，检查结果有。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# yum search httpd
... ...
httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server
... ...

2.安装httpd软件包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd
... ...
Installed:httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-88.el7.centos                                                                           Dependency Installed:apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1     apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7    httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-88.el7.centos   mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7   Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#

2.2.镜像挂载后的目录内容拷贝httpd服务目录

1.httpd服务的目录默认是/var/www/html/，查看为空，然后在/var/www/html/目录下创建iso目录。

[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/www/html/
total 0
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/iso
[root@localhost ~]#

2. 将镜像挂载后的目录内容拷贝httpd服务目录下的iso目录，然后查看/var/www/html/iso/目录内容

[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /mnt/iso/* /var/www/html/iso
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/www/html/iso/
total 728
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     14 Dec 24 20:40 CentOS_BuildTag
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root     35 Dec 24 20:40 EFI
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    227 Dec 24 20:40 EULA
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  18009 Dec 24 20:40 GPL
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root     57 Dec 24 20:40 images
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    198 Dec 24 20:40 isolinux
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     43 Dec 24 20:40 LiveOS
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 557056 Dec 24 20:40 Packages
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   4096 Dec 24 20:40 repodata
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1690 Dec 24 20:40 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1690 Dec 24 20:40 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
-r--r--r--. 1 root root   2883 Dec 24 20:40 TRANS.TBL

2.3.启动httpd服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]#

2.4.浏览器访问httpd

1.使用能与服务器网络连通的Windows访问httpd(http://192.168.118.201/iso/)，内容如下

2.或者使用curl 访问httpd，查看href后的值，可以看出能正常访问httpd服务里面的目录及文件。

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.118.201/iso/
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
<html><head><title>Index of /iso</title></head><body>
<h1>Index of /iso</h1><table><tr><th valign="top"><img src="/icons/blank.gif" alt="[ICO]"></th><th><a href="?C=N;O=D">Name</a></th><th><a href="?C=M;O=A">Last modified</a></th><th><a href="?C=S;O=A">Size</a></th><th><a href="?C=D;O=A">Description</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="5"><hr></th></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/back.gif" alt="[PARENTDIR]"></td><td><a href="/">Parent Directory</a>       </td><td>&nbsp;</td><td align="right">  - </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/unknown.gif" alt="[   ]"></td><td><a href="CentOS_BuildTag">CentOS_BuildTag</a>        </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right"> 14 </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/folder.gif" alt="[DIR]"></td><td><a href="EFI/">EFI/</a>                   </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">  - </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/text.gif" alt="[TXT]"></td><td><a href="EULA">EULA</a>                   </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">227 </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/text.gif" alt="[TXT]"></td><td><a href="GPL">GPL</a>                    </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right"> 18K</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/folder.gif" alt="[DIR]"></td><td><a href="LiveOS/">LiveOS/</a>                </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">  - </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/folder.gif" alt="[DIR]"></td><td><a href="Packages/">Packages/</a>              </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">  - </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/unknown.gif" alt="[   ]"></td><td><a href="RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7">RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7</a>   </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">1.7K</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/unknown.gif" alt="[   ]"></td><td><a href="RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7">RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-T..&gt;</a></td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">1.7K</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/unknown.gif" alt="[   ]"></td><td><a href="TRANS.TBL">TRANS.TBL</a>              </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">2.8K</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/folder.gif" alt="[DIR]"></td><td><a href="images/">images/</a>                </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">  - </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/folder.gif" alt="[DIR]"></td><td><a href="isolinux/">isolinux/</a>              </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">  - </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><img src="/icons/folder.gif" alt="[DIR]"></td><td><a href="repodata/">repodata/</a>              </td><td align="right">2024-12-24 20:40  </td><td align="right">  - </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="5"><hr></th></tr>
</table>
</body></html>

2.5.修改repo配置文件

1.备份本地yum源配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 139 Dec 24 19:16 local.repo
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 187 Dec 24 18:55 yumbak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv local.repo yumbak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

2.编写http服务的yum源配置

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi netyum.repo   # vi一个新文件，文件中内容如下
[iso]
name=iso
baseurl=http://192.168.118.201/iso/
gpgkey=http://192.168.118.201/iso/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
priority=1

2.6.局域网yum生效及其使用

1.参考本文1.4和1.5章节

2.同局域网下的其他服务器，怎么使用该yum源呢？

(1).将netyum.repo文件传到其他同局域网下的服务器的/etc/yum.repos.d目录。

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# scp netyum.repo 192.168.118.130:/etc/yum.repos.d
root@192.168.118.130's password: 
netyum.repo                                                                  100%  162   115.3KB/s   00:00    
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

(2).同局域网的其他服务器备份其他的yum配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 36
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  162 Dec 24 13:10 netyum.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir yumbak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-* yumbak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 162 Dec 24 13:10 netyum.repo
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 187 Dec 24 13:12 yumbak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

(3).同局域网的其他服务器就可以使用该源了

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all  # 清除缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: iso
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache   # 生成新缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
iso                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): iso/group_gz                                                                     | 166 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): iso/primary_db                                                                   | 6.0 MB  00:00:00     
(3/4): iso/other_db                                                                     | 2.6 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): iso/filelists_db                                                                 | 7.1 MB  00:00:00     
Metadata Cache Created
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum search tree  # 查看此源是否有tree包
... ...
tree.x86_64 : File system tree viewer
... ...

3.第三方yum源配置

所谓第三方yum源，是指在外网(Internet网络)上有一些大公司或者教育学校配置的yum源，只需要将他们的URL链接添加到我们的yum配置文件里面，或者将其repo文件下载后放到/etc/yum.repos.d下，然后就可以使用。

注：该方式需要我们的服务器能连接外网(Internet网络)，可以通过ping www.baidu.com来检查是否可连接外网。

3.1.备份repo配置文件，检查外网是否可达

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv netyum.repo yumbak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (183.2.172.185) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 183.2.172.185 (183.2.172.185): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=54.8 ms
64 bytes from 183.2.172.185 (183.2.172.185): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=44.5 ms
64 bytes from 183.2.172.185 (183.2.172.185): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=63.8 ms
64 bytes from 183.2.172.185 (183.2.172.185): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=69.3 ms
64 bytes from 183.2.172.185 (183.2.172.185): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=63.8 ms

3.2.下载第三方yum源repo配置文件

下载后的配置文件为CentOS-Base.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2024-12-24 13:33:06--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 171.220.246.253, 118.112.232.80, 117.24.169.183, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|171.220.246.253|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’100%[=====================================================================>] 2,523       --.-K/s   in 0s      2024-12-24 13:33:11 (191 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523][root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Aug  4  2022 CentOS-Base.repo
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  206 Dec 24 13:27 yumbak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

3.3.第三方yum源使用

1.清除缓存，并生成新的缓存

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Other repos take up 112 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors* base: mirrors.aliyun.com* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                                                    | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                  | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                 | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                          | 153 kB  00:00:04     
(2/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                    | 305 kB  00:00:05     
(3/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                                        | 154 kB  00:00:00     
(4/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db                                                          | 2.6 MB  00:00:05     
(5/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                   |  15 MB  00:00:05     
(6/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db                                                       | 1.6 MB  00:00:00     
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db     FAILED                                          
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/d6d94c7d406fe7ad4902a97104b39a0d8299451832a97f31d71653ba982c955b-filelists.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
base/7/x86_64/primary_db       FAILED                                          
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/6d0c3a488c282fe537794b5946b01e28c7f44db79097bb06826e1c0c88bad5ef-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
(7/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                      | 7.2 MB  00:00:03     
extras/7/x86_64/primary_db     FAILED                                          854 kB/s |  27 MB  00:00:40 ETA 
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/e12dbf10e94bc2b33b1f45e026559bc8685728b139dddae0654d96bc624c5602-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
(8/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                      | 253 kB  00:00:00     
updates/7/x86_64/primary_db    FAILED                                          947 kB/s |  28 MB  00:00:35 ETA 
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/f19044932626155f0cd849e88972b84875fc85e3308b4d622844a911c4ef54d0-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
(9/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                        | 6.1 MB  00:00:09     
(10/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                    |  27 MB  00:00:12     
Metadata Cache Created

2.安装tree软件包

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep tree 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.aliyun.com* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved===============================================================================================================Package                Arch                     Version                          Repository              Size
===============================================================================================================
Installing:tree                   x86_64                   1.6.0-10.el7                     base                    46 kTransaction Summary
===============================================================================================================
Install  1 PackageTotal download size: 46 k
Installed size: 87 k
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                            |  46 kB  00:00:04     
Retrieving key from http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5From       : http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionInstalling : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                                    1/1 Verifying  : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                                    1/1 Installed:tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7                                                                                   Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep tree 
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#