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使用 ASP.NET Core HttpLoggingMiddleware 记录 http 请求/响应

news 来源：原创 2025/7/12 22:43:34

我们发布了一个应用程序，该应用程序运行在一个相当隐蔽的 WAF 后面。他们向我们保证，他们的产品不会以任何方式干扰我们的应用程序。这是错误的。他们删除了我们几乎所有的“自定义”标头。为了“证明”这一点，我构建了一个中间件，用于存储我们收到和发送的所有唯一标头。然后我创建了一个转储所有标头的端点。

我创建了一个自定义中间件，LogHeadersMiddleware。

public class LogHeadersMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly ILogger<LogHeadersMiddleware> _logger;
public static readonly List<string> RequestHeaders = new List<string>();
public static readonly List<string> ResponseHeaders = new List<string>();

public LogHeadersMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<LogHeadersMiddleware> logger)
{
_next = next;
_logger = logger;
}

public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
var uniqueRequestHeaders = context.Request.Headers
.Where(x => RequestHeaders.All(r => r != x.Key))
.Select(x => x.Key);
RequestHeaders.AddRange(uniqueRequestHeaders);

await _next.Invoke(context);
var uniqueResponseHeaders = context.Response.Headers
.Where(x => ResponseHeaders.All(r => r != x.Key))
.Select(x => x.Key);
ResponseHeaders.AddRange(uniqueResponseHeaders);

// Log unique headers with ILogger
...
}
}

然后我在中间件管道的早期就这样注册了它

app.UseLogHeadersMiddleware();
app.Map("/show-headers", ShowHeaders);

因此，通过转到 /show-headers，您将看到我们的应用程序接收和发送的所有（唯一）标头的转储。

新方法

微软现在已经在 ASP.NET Core 中添加了对 HTTP 日志记录的支持。
他们创建了自己的中间件，您可以像这样启用它：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
// Important to have it as early as possible
app.UseHttpLogging();
...
...
...
}

如果您不进行任何自定义，则默认记录以下内容（请求和响应）：

Request path
Status code
Querystring
Headers

示例 - 默认实现

向 /user/login
主体发出 POST 请求

{
"username": "josef",
"password": "MyPassword"
}

Request

info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpLogging.HttpLoggingMiddleware[1]
Request:
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Method: POST
Scheme: http
PathBase:
Path: /user/login
QueryString:
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Host: localhost:5000
User-Agent: PostmanRuntime/7.28.1
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 60

Response

info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpLogging.HttpLoggingMiddleware[2]
Response:
StatusCode: 200
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: [Redacted]
Server: [Redacted]
Transfer-Encoding: chunked

如您所见，使用默认配置，不会记录任何敏感信息。
让我们看看如何配置中间件来记录一些敏感数据。

示例 - 记录请求/响应主体

请求正文（危险）

这将记录请求标头和正文

services.AddHttpLogging(options =>
{
options.LoggingFields = HttpLoggingFields.RequestPropertiesAndHeaders |
HttpLoggingFields.RequestBody;
});

Body体

{
"username": "josef",
"password": "MyPassword"
}

Request

info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpLogging.HttpLoggingMiddleware[2]
RequestBody: {
"username": "josef",
"password": "MyPassword"
}

响应主体（危险）

这将记录响应标头和正文

services.AddHttpLogging(options =>
{
options.LoggingFields = HttpLoggingFields.ResponsePropertiesAndHeaders |
HttpLoggingFields.ResponseBody;
});

Body

{
"username": "josef",
"password": "MyPassword"
}

Response

info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpLogging.HttpLoggingMiddleware[1]
Response:
StatusCode: 200
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8

info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpLogging.HttpLoggingMiddleware[2]
ResponseBody: {"token":"very secret token"}

如您所见，我们现在正在记录请求和响应主体。这在开发/调试期间可能非常有用，但您很可能永远不想在生产中这样做。通过盲目地记录请求/响应标头/主体，您可以（很可能）记录敏感数据。如果您觉得有必要记录标头和主体，请确保使用选择加入策略，如下所示：

services.AddHttpLogging(options =>
{
options.LoggingFields = HttpLoggingFields.RequestPropertiesAndHeaders |
HttpLoggingFields.ResponsePropertiesAndHeaders;
options.ResponseHeaders.Add("Non-Sensitive");
});

调用以下操作时...

[HttpGet("api/weather")]
public IActionResult Index()
{
Response.Headers.Add("Sensitive", "034D4CD7-2FEB-4B19-86A3-CFCD5DB291AA");
Response.Headers.Add("Non-Sensitive", "Hello");
return new OkObjectResult(new
{
data = "Hello World"
});
}

...仅会记录非敏感标头值

Request

info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpLogging.HttpLoggingMiddleware[2]
Response:
StatusCode: 200
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: [Redacted]
Server: [Redacted]
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Sensitive: [Redacted]
Non-Sensitive: Hello

表现

考虑记录请求/响应主体时应用程序的性能会受到怎样的影响也很重要
。GET

没有 HttpLogging

❯ .\bombardier.exe -c 125 -n 100000 http://localhost:5000/api/weather
Bombarding http://localhost:5000/api/weather with 100000 request(s) using 125 connection(s)100000 / 100000 [==========================================] 100.00% 2287/s 43s
Done!
Statistics        Avg      Stdev        MaxReqs/sec      2292.70     326.38    7095.61Latency       54.52ms     2.29ms   109.00msHTTP codes:1xx - 0, 2xx - 100000, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0others - 0Throughput:   727.39KB/s

HttpLogging 的默认设置

❯ .\bombardier.exe -c 125 -n 100000 http://localhost:5000/api/weather
Bombarding http://localhost:5000/api/weather with 100000 request(s) using 125 connection(s)100000 / 100000 [==========================================] 100.00% 1492/s 1m6s
Done!
Statistics        Avg      Stdev        MaxReqs/sec      1496.73     287.61    4500.00Latency       83.52ms    15.73ms      0.86sHTTP codes:1xx - 0, 2xx - 100000, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0others - 0Throughput:   474.86KB/s

已启用请求/响应主体日志记录

❯ .\bombardier.exe -c 125 -n 100000 http://localhost:5000/api/weather
Bombarding http://localhost:5000/api/weather with 100000 request(s) using 125 connection(s)100000 / 100000 [==========================================] 100.00% 1466/s 1m8s
Done!
Statistics        Avg      Stdev        MaxReqs/sec      1471.50     285.97    5090.86Latency       84.96ms    17.64ms      0.87sHTTP codes:1xx - 0, 2xx - 100000, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0others - 0Throughput:   466.79KB/s

当打开HttpLogging时，吞吐量从 ~2300 req/s 变为 ~1500 req/
s.POST

没有 HttpLogging

❯ .\bombardier.exe -m POST http://localhost:5000/user/login -c 125 -n 100000 --duration 1s -l -H "Content-Type: application/json" -f "login.json"
Bombarding http://localhost:5000/user/login with 100000 request(s) using 125 connection(s)100000 / 100000 [==========================================] 100.00% 2112/s 47s
Done!
Statistics        Avg      Stdev        MaxReqs/sec      2118.76     444.32    6498.38Latency       59.03ms    14.41ms   576.00msLatency Distribution50%    57.00ms75%    59.96ms90%    70.00ms95%    75.00ms99%    90.81msHTTP codes:1xx - 0, 2xx - 100000, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0others - 0Throughput:   771.02KB/s

HttpLogging 的默认设置

❯ .\bombardier.exe -m POST http://localhost:5000/user/login -c 125 -n 100000 --duration 1s -l -H "Content-Type: application/json" -f "login.json"
Bombarding http://localhost:5000/user/login with 100000 request(s) using 125 connection(s)100000 / 100000 [==========================================] 100.00% 1388/s 1m12s
Done!
Statistics        Avg      Stdev        MaxReqs/sec      1392.11     328.62    8995.50Latency       89.92ms    19.01ms      1.09sLatency Distribution50%    88.00ms75%    91.00ms90%    97.00ms95%   111.00ms99%   125.00msHTTP codes:1xx - 0, 2xx - 100000, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0others - 0Throughput:   506.18KB/s

已启用请求/响应主体日志记录

❯ .\bombardier.exe -m POST http://localhost:5000/user/login -c 125 -n 100000 --duration 1s -l -H "Content-Type: application/json" -f "login.json"
Bombarding http://localhost:5000/user/login with 100000 request(s) using 125 connection(s)100000 / 100000 [==========================================] 100.00% 1281/s 1m18s
Done!
Statistics        Avg      Stdev        MaxReqs/sec      1284.89     311.66    4550.25Latency       97.31ms    21.58ms      1.22sLatency Distribution50%    95.00ms75%    99.00ms90%   108.00ms95%   119.00ms99%   150.00msHTTP codes:1xx - 0, 2xx - 100000, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0others - 0Throughput:   467.73KB/s

我们可以看到，记录更多内容会对性能造成影响。记录请求/响应主体时，我们每秒会额外损失约 100 个请求。

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新方法

示例 - 默认实现

示例 - 记录请求/响应主体

表现

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