【harbor】离线安装2.9.0-arm64架构服务制作和升级部署

执行: .prepare  【作用就是产生一些配置信息 和docker-compose.yaml文件，然后docker-compose发布docker】

harbor官网地址：Harbor

参考文档可以看这里：部署 harbor 2.10.1 arm64 - 简书。

前提环境准备： 安装docker 和 docker-compose

先拉arm64架构的harbor相关镜像

docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-registryctl:v2.9.0 
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/nginx-photon:v2.9.0 
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/registry-photon:v2.9.0
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/prepare:v2.9.0    
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-portal:v2.9.0    
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-log:v2.9.0
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-exporter:v2.9.0
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/redis-photon:v2.9.0
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/trivy-adapter-photon:v2.9.0 
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-core:v2.9.0 
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-db:v2.9.0  
docker pull --platform=linux/arm64 ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-jobservice:v2.9.0 

1. 将相关镜像修改名称

docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-registryctl:v2.9.0 goharbor/harbor-registryctl:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/nginx-photon:v2.9.0 goharbor/nginx-photon:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/registry-photon:v2.9.0 goharbor/registry-photon:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/prepare:v2.9.0 goharbor/prepare:v2.9.0     
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-portal:v2.9.0 goharbor/harbor-portal:v2.9.0    
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-log:v2.9.0 goharbor/harbor-log:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-exporter:v2.9.0 goharbor/harbor-exporter:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/redis-photon:v2.9.0 goharbor/redis-photon:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/trivy-adapter-photon:v2.9.0 goharbor/trivy-adapter-photon:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-core:v2.9.0 goharbor/harbor-core:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-db:v2.9.0 goharbor/harbor-db:v2.9.0
docker tag ghcr.io/octohelm/harbor/harbor-jobservice:v2.9.0 goharbor/harbor-jobservice:v2.9.0

1. 将harbor相关镜像导出为tar包

docker save -o goharbor-harbor-registryctl-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/harbor-registryctl:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-nginx-photon-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/nginx-photon:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-registry-photon-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/registry-photon:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-prepare-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/prepare:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-harbor-portal-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/harbor-portal:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-harbor-log-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/harbor-log:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-harbor-exporter-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/harbor-exporter:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-redis-photon-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/redis-photon:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-trivy-adapter-photon-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/trivy-adapter-photon:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-harbor-core-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/harbor-core:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-harbor-db-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/harbor-db:v2.9.0
docker save -o goharbor-harbor-jobservice-v2.9.0.tar goharbor/harbor-jobservice:v2.9.0

将harbor相关的tar包全部合并成一个gz包

tar -czvf harbor.v2.9.0-arm64.tar.gz *.tar

下载官网离线安装包x86的版本，

主要是为了拿里面的配置文件，将里面的harbor.v2.9.0.tar.gz，替换我们上面制作好的harbor.v2.9.0-arm64.tar.gz镜像包即可。

x86版本的下载地址:  https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.9.0/harbor-offline-installer-v2.9.0.tgz

1. 替换好后重新打包全部合并成一个gz包

tar -czvf harbor-offline-installer-v2.9.0-arm64.tar.gz harbor

开始安装

解压文件 tar -zxf harbor-offline-installer-v2.9.0.tgz 

然后修改habor.yaml的配置文件

# Configuration file of Harbor# The IP address or hostname to access admin UI and registry service.
# DO NOT use localhost or 127.0.0.1, because Harbor needs to be accessed by external clients.
hostname: 10.99.xxx.xxx #自己主机ip# http related config
http:# port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https portport: 8081# https related config  没用http
#https:# https port for harbor, default is 443
#  port: 444# The path of cert and key files for nginx  cert.crt and key.key#配置证书和秘钥的文件路径  是自签名的
#  certificate: /root/dockerregistry/pki/registry.crt
#  private_key: /root/dockerregistry/pki/registry_private.key# # Uncomment following will enable tls communication between all harbor components
# internal_tls:
#   # set enabled to true means internal tls is enabled
#   enabled: true
#   # put your cert and key files on dir
#   dir: /etc/harbor/tls/internal
#   # enable strong ssl ciphers (default: false)
#   strong_ssl_ciphers: false# Uncomment external_url if you want to enable external proxy
# And when it enabled the hostname will no longer used
# external_url: https://reg.mydomain.com:8433# The initial password of Harbor admin
# It only works in first time to install harbor
# Remember Change the admin password from UI after launching Harbor.
harbor_admin_password: Harbor12345# Harbor DB configuration
database:# The password for the root user of Harbor DB. Change this before any production use.password: root123# The maximum number of connections in the idle connection pool. If it <=0, no idle connections are retained.max_idle_conns: 100# The maximum number of open connections to the database. If it <= 0, then there is no limit on the number of open connections.# Note: the default number of connections is 1024 for postgres of harbor.max_open_conns: 900# The maximum amount of time a connection may be reused. Expired connections may be closed lazily before reuse. If it <= 0, connections are not closed due to a connection's age.# The value is a duration string. A duration string is a possibly signed sequence of decimal numbers, each with optional fraction and a unit suffix, such as "300ms", "-1.5h" or "2h45m". Valid time units are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h".conn_max_lifetime: 5m# The maximum amount of time a connection may be idle. Expired connections may be closed lazily before reuse. If it <= 0, connections are not closed due to a connection's idle time.# The value is a duration string. A duration string is a possibly signed sequence of decimal numbers, each with optional fraction and a unit suffix, such as "300ms", "-1.5h" or "2h45m". Valid time units are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h".conn_max_idle_time: 0# The default data volume  宿主机上的目录 存放数据目录的
data_volume: /data# Harbor Storage settings by default is using /data dir on local filesystem
# Uncomment storage_service setting If you want to using external storage
# storage_service:
#   # ca_bundle is the path to the custom root ca certificate, which will be injected into the truststore
#   # of registry's containers.  This is usually needed when the user hosts a internal storage with self signed certificate.
#   ca_bundle:#   # storage backend, default is filesystem, options include filesystem, azure, gcs, s3, swift and oss
#   # for more info about this configuration please refer https://docs.docker.com/registry/configuration/
#   filesystem:
#     maxthreads: 100
#   # set disable to true when you want to disable registry redirect
#   redirect:
#     disable: false# Trivy configuration
#
# Trivy DB contains vulnerability information from NVD, Red Hat, and many other upstream vulnerability databases.
# It is downloaded by Trivy from the GitHub release page https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy-db/releases and cached
# in the local file system. In addition, the database contains the update timestamp so Trivy can detect whether it
# should download a newer version from the Internet or use the cached one. Currently, the database is updated every
# 12 hours and published as a new release to GitHub.
trivy:# ignoreUnfixed The flag to display only fixed vulnerabilitiesignore_unfixed: false# skipUpdate The flag to enable or disable Trivy DB downloads from GitHub## You might want to enable this flag in test or CI/CD environments to avoid GitHub rate limiting issues.# If the flag is enabled you have to download the `trivy-offline.tar.gz` archive manually, extract `trivy.db` and# `metadata.json` files and mount them in the `/home/scanner/.cache/trivy/db` path.skip_update: false## The offline_scan option prevents Trivy from sending API requests to identify dependencies.# Scanning JAR files and pom.xml may require Internet access for better detection, but this option tries to avoid it.# For example, the offline mode will not try to resolve transitive dependencies in pom.xml when the dependency doesn't# exist in the local repositories. It means a number of detected vulnerabilities might be fewer in offline mode.# It would work if all the dependencies are in local.# This option doesn't affect DB download. You need to specify "skip-update" as well as "offline-scan" in an air-gapped environment.offline_scan: false## Comma-separated list of what security issues to detect. Possible values are `vuln`, `config` and `secret`. Defaults to `vuln`.security_check: vuln## insecure The flag to skip verifying registry certificateinsecure: false# github_token The GitHub access token to download Trivy DB## Anonymous downloads from GitHub are subject to the limit of 60 requests per hour. Normally such rate limit is enough# for production operations. If, for any reason, it's not enough, you could increase the rate limit to 5000# requests per hour by specifying the GitHub access token. For more details on GitHub rate limiting please consult# https://docs.github.com/rest/overview/resources-in-the-rest-api#rate-limiting## You can create a GitHub token by following the instructions in# https://help.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/creating-a-personal-access-token-for-the-command-line## github_token: xxxjobservice:# Maximum number of job workers in job servicemax_job_workers: 10# The jobLoggers backend name, only support "STD_OUTPUT", "FILE" and/or "DB"job_loggers:- STD_OUTPUT- FILE# - DB# The jobLogger sweeper duration (ignored if `jobLogger` is `stdout`)logger_sweeper_duration: 1 #daysnotification:# Maximum retry count for webhook jobwebhook_job_max_retry: 3# HTTP client timeout for webhook jobwebhook_job_http_client_timeout: 3 #seconds# Log configurations 日志输出的地方
log:# options are debug, info, warning, error, fatallevel: info# configs for logs in local storagelocal:# Log files are rotated log_rotate_count times before being removed. If count is 0, old versions are removed rather than rotated.rotate_count: 50# Log files are rotated only if they grow bigger than log_rotate_size bytes. If size is followed by k, the size is assumed to be in kilobytes.# If the M is used, the size is in megabytes, and if G is used, the size is in gigabytes. So size 100, size 100k, size 100M and size 100G# are all valid.rotate_size: 200M# The directory on your host that store loglocation: /var/log/harbor# Uncomment following lines to enable external syslog endpoint.# external_endpoint:#   # protocol used to transmit log to external endpoint, options is tcp or udp#   protocol: tcp#   # The host of external endpoint#   host: localhost#   # Port of external endpoint#   port: 5140#This attribute is for migrator to detect the version of the .cfg file, DO NOT MODIFY!
_version: 2.9.0# Uncomment external_database if using external database.
# external_database:
#   harbor:
#     host: harbor_db_host
#     port: harbor_db_port
#     db_name: harbor_db_name
#     username: harbor_db_username
#     password: harbor_db_password
#     ssl_mode: disable
#     max_idle_conns: 2
#     max_open_conns: 0# Uncomment redis if need to customize redis db
# redis:
#   # db_index 0 is for core, it's unchangeable
#   # registry_db_index: 1
#   # jobservice_db_index: 2
#   # trivy_db_index: 5
#   # it's optional, the db for harbor business misc, by default is 0, uncomment it if you want to change it.
#   # harbor_db_index: 6
#   # it's optional, the db for harbor cache layer, by default is 0, uncomment it if you want to change it.
#   # cache_db_index: 7# Uncomment redis if need to customize redis db
# redis:
#   # db_index 0 is for core, it's unchangeable
#   # registry_db_index: 1
#   # jobservice_db_index: 2
#   # trivy_db_index: 5
#   # it's optional, the db for harbor business misc, by default is 0, uncomment it if you want to change it.
#   # harbor_db_index: 6
#   # it's optional, the db for harbor cache layer, by default is 0, uncomment it if you want to change it.
#   # cache_layer_db_index: 7# Uncomment external_redis if using external Redis server
# external_redis:
#   # support redis, redis+sentinel
#   # host for redis: <host_redis>:<port_redis>
#   # host for redis+sentinel:
#   #  <host_sentinel1>:<port_sentinel1>,<host_sentinel2>:<port_sentinel2>,<host_sentinel3>:<port_sentinel3>
#   host: redis:6379
#   password: 
#   # Redis AUTH command was extended in Redis 6, it is possible to use it in the two-arguments AUTH <username> <password> form.
#   # there's a known issue when using external redis username ref:https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/issues/18892
#   # if you care about the image pull/push performance, please refer to this https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/wiki/Harbor-FAQs#external-redis-username-password-usage
#   # username:
#   # sentinel_master_set must be set to support redis+sentinel
#   #sentinel_master_set:
#   # db_index 0 is for core, it's unchangeable
#   registry_db_index: 1
#   jobservice_db_index: 2
#   trivy_db_index: 5
#   idle_timeout_seconds: 30
#   # it's optional, the db for harbor business misc, by default is 0, uncomment it if you want to change it.
#   # harbor_db_index: 6
#   # it's optional, the db for harbor cache layer, by default is 0, uncomment it if you want to change it.
#   # cache_layer_db_index: 7# Uncomment uaa for trusting the certificate of uaa instance that is hosted via self-signed cert.  配置自签名证书
#uaa:
#   ca_file: /root/dockerregistry/pki/registry.crt# Global proxy
# Config http proxy for components, e.g. http://my.proxy.com:3128
# Components doesn't need to connect to each others via http proxy.
# Remove component from `components` array if want disable proxy
# for it. If you want use proxy for replication, MUST enable proxy
# for core and jobservice, and set `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`.
# Add domain to the `no_proxy` field, when you want disable proxy
# for some special registry.
proxy:http_proxy:https_proxy:no_proxy:components:- core- jobservice- trivy# metric:
#   enabled: false
#   port: 9090
#   path: /metrics# Trace related config
# only can enable one trace provider(jaeger or otel) at the same time,
# and when using jaeger as provider, can only enable it with agent mode or collector mode.
# if using jaeger collector mode, uncomment endpoint and uncomment username, password if needed
# if using jaeger agetn mode uncomment agent_host and agent_port
# trace:
#   enabled: true
#   # set sample_rate to 1 if you wanna sampling 100% of trace data; set 0.5 if you wanna sampling 50% of trace data, and so forth
#   sample_rate: 1
#   # # namespace used to differenciate different harbor services
#   # namespace:
#   # # attributes is a key value dict contains user defined attributes used to initialize trace provider
#   # attributes:
#   #   application: harbor
#   # # jaeger should be 1.26 or newer.
#   # jaeger:
#   #   endpoint: http://hostname:14268/api/traces
#   #   username:
#   #   password:
#   #   agent_host: hostname
#   #   # export trace data by jaeger.thrift in compact mode
#   #   agent_port: 6831
#   # otel:
#   #   endpoint: hostname:4318
#   #   url_path: /v1/traces
#   #   compression: false
#   #   insecure: true
#   #   # timeout is in seconds
#   #   timeout: 10# Enable purge _upload directories
upload_purging:enabled: true# remove files in _upload directories which exist for a period of time, default is one week.age: 168h# the interval of the purge operationsinterval: 24hdryrun: false# Cache layer configurations
# If this feature enabled, harbor will cache the resource
# `project/project_metadata/repository/artifact/manifest` in the redis
# which can especially help to improve the performance of high concurrent
# manifest pulling.
# NOTICE
# If you are deploying Harbor in HA mode, make sure that all the harbor
# instances have the same behaviour, all with caching enabled or disabled,
# otherwise it can lead to potential data inconsistency.
cache:# not enabled by defaultenabled: false# keep cache for one day by defaultexpire_hours: 24# Harbor core configurations
# Uncomment to enable the following harbor core related configuration items.
# core:
#   # The provider for updating project quota(usage), there are 2 options, redis or db,
#   # by default is implemented by db but you can switch the updation via redis which
#   # can improve the performance of high concurrent pushing to the same project,
#   # and reduce the database connections spike and occupies.
#   # By redis will bring up some delay for quota usage updation for display, so only
#   # suggest switch provider to redis if you were ran into the db connections spike aroud
#   # the scenario of high concurrent pushing to same project, no improvment for other scenes.
#   quota_update_provider: redis # Or db

配置

执行: .prepare  【作用就是产生一些配置信息 和docker-compose.yaml文件，然后docker-compose发布docker】

重新配置

   删除 docker-compose.yaml 

   删除 common 目录中的配置

   删除数据目录 harbor.yaml配置文件中配置的:   data_volume: /root/habordata  对应的目录，这样就完全清空了.

启动

执行命令 docker-compose up -d 或者 ./install.sh也一样。
install.sh脚本包含了：docker load、./prepare、docker-compose up -d3个命令。

 这样就安装完成；

安装时碰到一些小问题是： install.sh中的 docker load -i habor...gz文件的时候报错，我是直接注释了docker load -i  ,, 自己直接解压压缩包 然后手动一个一个镜像执行docker load -i 其他的没有碰到到什么问题。

Harbor的登录

用户名和密码使用默认的在habor.yaml文件中有:

登录失败遇到的问题

登录提示核心功能启动失败，查看日志，发现redis没有成功

链接不了，查看docker logs redis_container_id

这个应该是和系统内存页分配相关的问题，就是redis和系统提供的参数不匹配

直接修改docker-compose.yaml把redis镜像换成其他版本，arm系统兼容版本就可以了，我用的是arm 7.0版本

登录成功！

关停Habor 

docker-compose down

修改配置更新操作

如果修改了配置，那么就需要关停，然后重新配置，安装更新

docker-compose down
./prepare
docker-compose up -d

问题1 - harbor中的hostname 和 external_url

如果harbor的认证服务地址我们是通过 external_url 配置的，那么harbor主机ip地址变化时，无须对harbor配置进行调整。
否则，如果hostname配置的是 域名，那么也无须对harbor配置进行调整。
否则，如果hostname配置的是内网ip，那么就需要更改harbor配置中的hostname属性。
然后执行下面命令：

docker-compose down
./prepare
docker-compose up -d

客户端如果时通过内网ip来访问 harbor的话，也需要同时修改 daemon.json文件配置，并重启docker

问题2 - 重置harbor的admin密码

harbor的admin密码存储在 postgresql数据库中。如果忘记密码的话，可以使用SQL客户端连接postgre数据库，删除admin密码即可。

具体步骤：

• 停止harbor服务：docker-compose down
• 修改docker-compose文件中：postgresql服务的端口导出：如ports: -5432:5432(5432是harbor postgresql的缺省端口)
• 重启harbor：docker-compose up -d
• 使用任意客户端工具连接postgresql数据库，数据库缺省密码为 postgres / root123，数据库：registry
• 更新密码：update harbor_user set password='',salt='' where username='admin'
• 再次停止harbor服务：docker-compose down
• 修改harbor.yml文件中登录密码
• 重新生成配置文件 ./prepare
• 再次重启harbor：docker-compose up -d

开启Https功能

  首先创建私钥和自签名证书：可以参考：【Docker】安装registry本地镜像库，开启Https功能-CSDN博客

  修改harbor.yml配置文件：

# https related config
https:# https port for harbor, default is 443port: 444# The path of cert and key files for nginx  cert.crt and key.keycertificate: /root/dockerregistry/pki/registry.crt  [你主机上存放的证书]private_key: /root/dockerregistry/pki/registry_private.key  [这个证书对应的私钥]# Uncomment uaa for trusting the certificate of uaa instance that is hosted via self-signed cert.
uaa:ca_file: /root/dockerregistry/pki/registry.crt [你主机上存放的证书] 

删除把之前的data_volume中的数据全部删除，然后

./prepare

./install.sh 

就可以了

推送镜像

1、创建用户

2、创建项目

3、项目添加用户成员

4、推送镜像

    （a） 把harbor的签名证书放到docker的配置目录：

              /etc/docker/certs.d/12.34.34.45[ip]:444[端口]/ca.crt

      (b) 推送镜像

         docker push  12.34.34.45:444/base/pause:9   

          记得base是刚才创建的一个名称，这个路径要加上，不然推送不了。 然后用base这个项目的关联用户登录下docker ，就可以推送了   docker login  12.34.34.45:444   -u xxxxx -p  xxxxx

Harbor核心组件解释

Harbor在架构上主要由6个组件构成：

Proxy：Harbor的registry, UI, token等服务，通过一个前置的反向代理统一接收浏览器、Docker客户端的请求，并将请求转发给后端不同的服务。

Registry： 负责储存Docker镜像，并处理docker push/pull 命令。由于我们要对用户进行访问控制，即不同用户对Docker image有不同的读写权限，Registry会指向一个token服务，强制用户的每次docker pull/push请求都要携带一个合法的token, Registry会通过公钥对token 进行解密验证。

Core services： 这是Harbor的核心功能，主要提供以下服务：

UI：提供图形化界面，帮助用户管理registry上的镜像（image）, 并对用户进行授权。

webhook：为了及时获取registry 上image状态变化的情况， 在Registry上配置webhook，把状态变化传递给UI模块。

token 服务：负责根据用户权限给每个docker push/pull命令签发token. Docker 客户端向Regiøstry服务发起的请求,如果不包含token，会被重定向到这里，获得token后再重新向Registry进行请求。

Database：为core services提供数据库服务，负责储存用户权限、审计日志、Docker image分组信息等数据。

Job Services：提供镜像远程复制功能，可以把本地镜像同步到其他Harbor实例中。

Log collector：为了帮助监控Harbor运行，负责收集其他组件的log，供日后进行分析。

各个组件之间的关系如下图所示：

三、Harbor特性

基于角色的访问控制 ：用户与Docker镜像仓库通过“项目”进行组织管理，一个用户可以对多个镜像仓库在同一命名空间（project）里有不同的权限。

镜像复制 ： 镜像可以在多个Registry实例中复制（同步）。尤其适合于负载均衡，高可用，混合云和多云的场景。

图形化用户界面 ： 用户可以通过浏览器来浏览，检索当前Docker镜像仓库，管理项目和命名空间。

AD/LDAP 支持 ： Harbor可以集成企业内部已有的AD/LDAP，用于鉴权认证管理。

审计管理 ： 所有针对镜像仓库的操作都可以被记录追溯，用于审计管理。

国际化 ： 已拥有英文、中文、德文、日文和俄文的本地化版本。更多的语言将会添加进来。

RESTful API ： RESTful API 提供给管理员对于Harbor更多的操控, 使得与其它管理软件集成变得更容易。

部署简单 ： 提供在线和离线两种安装工具， 也可以安装到vSphere平台(OVA方式)虚拟设备。

四、Harbor和Registry的比较

Harbor和Registry都是Docker的镜像仓库，但是Harbor作为更多企业的选择，是因为相比较于Regisrty来说，它具有很多的优势。

1.提供分层传输机制，优化网络传输

Docker镜像是是分层的，而如果每次传输都使用全量文件(所以用FTP的方式并不适合)，显然不经济。必须提供识别分层传输的机制，以层的UUID为标识，确定传输的对象。

2.提供WEB界面，优化用户体验

只用镜像的名字来进行上传下载显然很不方便，需要有一个用户界面可以支持登陆、搜索功能，包括区分公有、私有镜像。

3.支持水平扩展集群

当有用户对镜像的上传下载操作集中在某服务器，需要对相应的访问压力作分解。

4.良好的安全机制

企业中的开发团队有很多不同的职位，对于不同的职位人员，分配不同的权限，具有更好的安全性。

5.Harbor提供了基于角色的访问控制机制，并通过项目来对镜像进行组织和访问权限的控制。kubernetes中通过namespace来对资源进行隔离，在企业级应用场景中，通过将两者进行结合可以有效将kubernetes使用的镜像资源进行管理和访问控制，增强镜像使用的安全性。尤其是在多租户场景下，可以通过租户、namespace和项目相结合的方式来实现对多租户镜像资源的管理和访问控制。